Download department of physics - PHY, FUTA

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
(BEDROCK OF TECHNOLOGY)
MISSION AND VISION STATEMENTS FOR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME
The philosophy of the Federal University of Technology, Akure is to produce technologically oriented graduates. In
line with this philosophy, the Department trains graduates with a broad based knowledge of the various aspects of
Physics with a bias towards electronics. The programme of the Department is therefore designed to give students
the required academic and practical background in Condensed Matter Physics, Atmospheric Physics, Radiation and
Health Physics, Communication Physics and Electronic Instrumentation Physics. The products of this programme
can be easily employed in the communication, aviation and oil industry as well as research laboratories. They can
also be self employed.
The main objectives of the programme are to:
(a) Impart to the students the fundamentals of the main branches of physics.
(b) Provide students with opportunity for integrating theoretical physics with practicals in all branches of
physics.
(c) Expose the students to all aspects of applied physics which is sine qua non for the development of
Condensed Matter, Electronics and Energy.
(d) Equip the students with capability for Research and Development in all areas of theoretical and applied
physics.
(e) Prepare students that will attract high international employment profile in the field of Applied Physics;
and
(f) Prepare students for self reliant work after graduation.
MISSION AND VISION STATEMENTS FOR POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME
The philosophy of the Federal University of Technology, Akure is to produce practical oriented graduates. In line
with this philosophy, the Department offers postgraduate studies with a variety of experience in applied Physics,
with particular emphasis on certain field which are relevant to the economic and technological development of the
country. The programmes of the Department are therefore designed to give students the required academic and
practical background in Condensed Matter Physics, Space Physics, Radiation and Health Physics, Communication
Physics and Electronic Instrumentation Physics.
The objectives of the programme are to:
(i)
Impart to the students the fundamentals of the main branches of physics.
(ii)
Provide students with opportunity for integrating theoretical physics with practicals in all branches of
physics.
(iii)
Expose the students to all aspects of applied physics sine qua non to the development of Condensed
Matter, Electronics and Energy.
(iv)
Equip the students with capability for research and development in all areas of theoretical and applied
physics.
COURSE CURRICULUM FOR UNDERGRADUATE
1.
Degree Option: Bachelor of Technology in Physics [B. Tech Physics (Electronics)
2.
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS
(a)
UME ADMISSION
Candidate seeking admission into this programme must have credits in five (5) subjects at WASSCE or
NECO or GCE ordinary level or equivalent at not more than two (2) sittings. The five subjects must include
English language, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics.
UME SUBJECTS: English Language, Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry
(b)
DIRECT ENTRY
In addition to the UME requirements specified in (a) above, candidates seeking admission by direct entry
must possess either (i) National Diploma (ND) at Upper Credit or its equivalent in Science Technology,
Electronics and Electrical Engineering or (ii) a minimum of two (2) GCE Advanced Level (A/L) passes in
Physics and Mathematics at one sitting or its equivalent.
3.
PROGRAMME DURATION
The duration of the programme is five academic sessions but it is four sessions for direct entry students.
If a student fails to graduate at the end of the normal academic sessions, he/she would not be allowed to
exceed a total of 7 academic sessions in the case of students admitted through the UME or 6 in the case of
direct entry students.
4.
REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION
To be eligible for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.), Honours in Physics
(Electronics), a student must:
(a)
Pass all core courses as well as University and School required courses and electives required for
specialization;
(b)
complete successfully industrial attachments, seminars and projects;
(c)
accumulate at least 194 units for the students admitted through UME or 155 units if by direct entry
and obtain a CGPA of not less than 1.00.
In addition, direct entry students should audit and pass the following University required courses- GNS
101, 102 and 103 and MEE 101 and 102. If a student fails any of the courses, he/she will be required
to offer it formally.
COURSE OUTLINE
100 LEVEL
First Semester
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1
PHY 101/105C
General Physics I
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 103C
General Physics III
2
0
0
2
3
PHY 107C
General Physics Laboratory I
0
0
3
1
4
MTS 101R
Introductory Mathematics I
2
1
0
3
5
CHE 101R
General Chemistry I
2
1
3
4
6
GNS 101R
Use of English I
2
0
0
2
7
GNS 103R
Information Retrieval
1
0
0
1
8
MEE 101R
Engineering Drawing
1
0
6
3
TOTAL
19
Second Semester
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1.
PHY 102C
General Physics II
2
1
0
3
2.
PHY 108C
General Physics Laboratory II
0
0
3
1
3.
MTS 102R
Introductory Mathematics II
2
1
0
3
4.
MTS 104R
Introductory Applied Mathematics
2
1
0
3
5.
CHE 102R
General Chemistry II
2
1
3
4
6.
GNS 102R
Use of English II
2
0
0
2
7.
MEE 102R
Workshop Practice
0
0
6
2
8.
GNS 106R
Logic and Philosophy
2
0
0
2
TOTAL
20
200 LEVEL
First Semester
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1.
PHY 201C
Elementary Modern Physics
2
1
0
3
2.
PHY 203C
Energy and Environment
1
0
0
1
3.
PHY 205C
Thermal Physics
2
1
0
3
4.
PHY 207C
Experimental Physics I
0
0
3
1
5.
MTS 201C
Mathematical Methods
2
1
0
3
6.
MTS 209C
Differential Equations I
2
1
0
3
7.
CSC 201R
Introduction
Programming
3
1
0
4
8.
CSP 201R
General Agriculture (Theory)
1
0
0
1
to
I
FORTRAN
TOTAL
19
Second Semester
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1.
PHY 202C
Electric Circuits and Electronics
2
1
0
3
2.
PHY 204C
Waves and Optics
2
1
0
3
3.
PHY 208C
Experimental Physics II
0
0
3
1
4.
PHY 210C
Basic Electronics
2
1
3
4
5.
MTS 122C
Statistics for Physical Science
2
1
0
3
6.
GNS 202R
Principles of Economics
2
1
0
3
7.
CSP 210R
General Agriculture (Practical)
0
0
6
2
8.
MET 204
Introduction to the Atmosphere
3
0
0
3
TOTAL
22
6
300 LEVEL
First Semester
S/N Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1.
PHY 301C
Analytical Mechanics I
2
1
0
3
2.
PHY 303C
Electricity & Magnetism
2
1
0
3
3.
PHY 305C
Quantum Physics
2
1
0
3
4.
PHY 307C
Experimental Physics III
0
0
3
1
5.
PHY 313C
Electric Circuit Theory
3
0
0
3
6.
PHY 315C
Introductory Solid State Electronics
3
0
0
3
7.
PHY 317C
Special Relativity
2
0
0
2
8.
PHY 319C
Electronic practical I
0
0
3
1
9.
MTS 301C
Vector and Tensor Analysis
2
1
0
3
10.
PMT 301R
Introduction to Entrepreneurship
2
0
0
2
TOTAL
24
Second Semester
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1.
PHY 302C
Analytical Mechanics II
2
1
0
3
2.
PHY 304C
Electro-magnetic Waves & Optics
2
1
0
3
3.
PHY 306C
Statistical & Thermal Physics
2
1
0
3
4.
PHY 308C
Experimental Physics IV
0
0
3
1
5.
PHY 310C
Basic Amplifier
2
0
3
3
6.
PHY 314C
Solid State Physics I
2
1
0
3
7.
PHY 318C
Electronic Practical II
0
0
3
1
8.
MTS 302C
Complex Analysis I
2
1
0
3
9.
PMT 302R
Practical Skills in Entrepreneurship
0
0
9
3
TOTAL
23
7
400 LEVEL
First Semester
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1.
PHY 401C
Quantum Mechanics I
2
1
0
3
2.
PHY 405C
Mathematical Methods in Physics I
2
1
0
3
3.
PHY 407C
Computational Physics
2
1
0
3
4.
PHY 409C
2
0
3
3
5.
PHY 415C
Electrical Measurement and
Instrumentation
Digital Electronics
2
0
3
3
6.
PHY 417C
Electronic Laboratory Techniques
0
0
6
2
7.
PHY 419C
Introduction to Telecommunication
Systems
TOTAL
2
1
0
3
20
Second Semester
S/N
Course code
1.
PHY 402C
2.
PHY 404C
3.
PHY 406C
Course Title
Contact Hours
Industrial Training Site Supervisor’s
Assessment
Industrial Training FUTA Supervisor’s
Assessment
Student Report and Seminar
Presentation
TOTAL
8
Course Unit
L
T
P
0
0
12
4
0
0
6
2
0
0
12
4
10
500 LEVEL
First Semester
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1.
PHY 501C
Quantum Mechanics II
2
1
0
3
2.
PHY 503C
Semiconductor Technology
3
0
0
3
3.
PHY 505C
Mathematical Methods in Physics II
3
0
0
3
4.
PHY 517C
0
0
6
2
5.
PHY 531C
Electronic Devices, Designs and
Fabrication
Nuclear and Particle Physics I
2
1
0
3
6.
PHY 599C
Final Year Student’s Project
0
0
18
6
TOTAL
20
Second Semester
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Course Unit
L
T
P
1.
PHY 502C
Control Theory
2
0
0
2
2.
PHY 504C
Vacuum Physics and Thin Film
Technology
2
1
0
3
3.
PHY 512C
Energy Conversion and Storage
3
0
0
3
4.
PHY 522C
Seminar
2
0
0
2
5.
PHY 532C
Nuclear and Particle Physics II
2
1
0
3
6.
GNS 504
Entrepreneurship
2
1
0
3
TOTAL
19
9
Electives
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Course
Unit
Contact Hours
L
T
P
1.
PHY 509
Solid State Physics II
2
1
0
3
2.
PHY 518
Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy
2
1
0
3
3.
CSC 403
Computer Networking
2
0
0
2
4.
CSC 504
Computer Architecture
2
1
0
3
5.
CSC 506
Technology Management and
Professional Issues
2
1
0
3
Electives may also be chosen from Computer Science, Electrical/Electronics, GNS, Engineering and
other areas of Physics e.g. Applied Geophysics, Medical Physics, and Meteorology.
C
=
Core Course
R
=
University/School Required Course
E
=
Elective course
10
COURSE DESCRIPTION
PHY 101 – GENERAL PHYSICS I (MECHANICS) (3 UNITS)
Space and Time, Frames of Reference, Invariance of physical laws, Relativity of simultaneity, Relativity of
time intervals, relativity of length, units and dimension; standards and units, unit consistency and
conversions. Kinematics, Vectors and vector addition, Components of vectors, Unit vectors, Products of
vectors. Displacement, Time and average velocity, instantaneous velocity, average acceleration, motion with
constant acceleration, freely falling bodies, position and velocity vectors, acceleration vector, projectile
motion. Motion in a circle and Relative velocity. Fundamental laws of mechanics: forces and interactions,
Newton’s first law, Newton’s second law, mass and weight, Newton’s third law. Statics and dynamics:
application of Newton’s laws, dynamics of particles, frictional forces, dynamics of circular motion.
Galilean invariance, universal gravitation, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, conservative
and non-conservative forces. Work and energy, kinetic energy and the work-energy theorem, power,
momentum and impulse, conservation of momentum, collisions and momentum conservation, elastic
collisions, centre of mass. Rotational dynamics and angular momentum, angular velocity and acceleration,
energy in rotational motion, parallel axis theorem, torque, torque and rotation about a moving axis, simple
harmonic motion and its applications. The simple pendulum, damped oscillations, forced oscillations and
resonance.
PHY 102 – GENERAL PHYSICS II (ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM) (3 UNITS)
Co-requisite – IMC 102
Electrostatics: Conservation law of electric charges, electrons and electrostatics, Coulomb’s law, electric field
and forces, electric field line, electric dipoles, charged particles in an electric field, charge and electric flux,
Gauss’s law and its applications, electric potential, electric potential due to a single charge, electric potential
due to a dipole, electric potential due to continuous charge distribution, equipotential surfaces. Conductors
and currents: electric current, resistors and resistance, electric power, capacitors in series and parallel, energy
storage in capacitors and electric field energy, Gauss’s law in dielectrics. Magnetism: magnetic field, magnetic
field lines and magnetic flux, motion of a charged particles in a magnetic field, magnetic force on a current
carry conductor, Ampere’s law, Biot-Savart law, electromagnetic induction, inductance, self inductance,
mutual inductance, Maxwell’s equation, electromagnetic waves and oscillations.
PHY 103 – GENERAL PHYSICS III (2 Units)
Molecular treatment of properties of matter, Elasticity; Hooke’s Law, Young’s shear and bulk moduli.
Hydrostatics; Pressure, buoyancy. Archimedes Principles. Hydrodynamics; Streamlines Bernoulli and continuity
equations. Turbulence, Reynold’s number. Viscosity; laminar flow, Poiseuille’s equation. Surface tension;
adhesion, cohesion, capillarity, drops and bubbles. Temperature; the zeroth law of thermodynamics; heat;
gas laws of thermodynamics; Kinetic theory of gases. Application.
PHY 107/108 – GENERAL PHYSICS LABORATORY I/II (1 UNIT EACH)
The experiments include: Mechanics: timing experiments, simple pendulum, compound pendulum,
measurement of g, moments, determination of moment of inertia, measurement of viscosity, use of force
board, law of momentum. Optics: reflection using plane mirror, convex/concave mirror, concave/convex lens,
refraction using a prism, critical angle, apparent depth/real depth, simple microscope, compound microscope.
Electricity: Ohm’s law, heating effect of a current, internal resistance of a cell, meter/Wheatstone Bridge,
potentiometer measurement of ece, plotting of magnetic field. Heat: measurement of specific heat capacity
of water and a solid, expansion of gas experiment using a long capillary tube, Joule’s law. Sound: resonance
tube, sonometer.
11
PHY 201 – ELEMENTARY MODERN PHYSICS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 102
Special Relativity, Defects in Newtonian Mechanics, the speed of light, the Lorentz transformation,
transformation of velocities. Experimental basis of quantum theory; Black body radiation, electrons and
quanta, Bohr’s theory of atomic structure, De Broglie hypothesis, the uncertainly principle; Schrodinger’s
equation and simple applications.
PHY 202 – ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 102
D.C. Circuits: Kirchoff’s Law, sources of emf and current, Network analysis and circuit theorems. A.C. Circuits:
Inductance, capacitance, the transformer, sinusoidal wave-forms, rms and peak values, power, impedance
and admittance, series RLC circuit, Q factor, resonance, Network analysis and circuit theorems, filters.
Electronics: semiconductors, the pn-junction, field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, characteristic and
equivalent circuits; amplifier, feedback.
PHY 203 – ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (1 UNIT)
Energy: Terminology and concept; energy in surroundings, kinds of energy and its conversion; mechanical
energy, electrical energy, wave energy, thermal energy. Energy use, alternative energy; wind power,
biomass, solar nuclear, energy from oceans. Energy efficiency, saving energy, renewable and non renewable,
energy conservation and energy crisis. Relationship between energy and environment. The elements which
gives an effect to living things; temperature, light, water, ecology and adaptation, hospitable environment;
ecology and ecological equilibrium, pollution, preservation of environment. Pollution problems; mechanism
about pollution as biological magnification, avid rain, green house effect.
PHY 204 – WAVES AND OPTICS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisites – PHY 101, PHY 102 and IMC 104
Wave phenomena: Acoustical waves, the harmonic oscillator, damped oscillation, forced oscillation,
resonance, equations of simple harmonic oscillation, waves on a string, waves in pipes; closed pipes, open
pipes, end correction. Energy in wave motion, longitudinal waves, standing waves, super position of waves;
group and phase velocity, Doppler effect, physical optic, spherical waves, electromagnetic spectrum,
interference; Young’s double, slit, thin film. Diffraction: Frannhofer diffraction, crystal diffraction, polarization
of waves, holography, dispersion and scattering. Geometrical optics: rays and beams of light, images in plane
and curved mirrors, reflection and refraction at plane surfaces. Mirror formula, reflection at spherical surfaces,
thin lenses, spherical aberration, optical lenses, prisms, spectrum of light.
PHY 205 – THERMAL PHYSICS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisites – PHY 103 and IMC 104
The foundation of classical thermodynamics including the zeroth and definition of temperature; the first law,
work, heat and internal energy, Carnot cycles and second law; entropy and irreversibility, thermodynamic
potentials and the Maxwell relations. Applications: Qualitative discussion of phase transitions; third law of
thermodynamics, ideal and real gases, Elementary kinetic theory of gases including Boltzmann counting,
Maxwell-Boltzmann law of distribution of velocities. Simple applications of the distribution law.
12
PHY 207/208 – EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS I/II (1 UNIT EACH)
Pre-requisite – PHY 107/108
The laboratory course consists of a group of experiments drawn from diverse area of Physics (Optics,
Electromagnetism, Mechanics, Modern Physics etc). i.e. experiments on determination of moment of inertia
of a bar using a bifilar suspension, determination of the moment of inertia of flywheel, principles of moment,
principles of kinematics, spiral spring, determination of the acceleration of gravity by means of a compound
pendulum, coefficient of static and dynamic friction for wood, determination of the refractive index of a prism,
determination of the focal length of an inaccessible converging lens by Newton’s method, determination of
the focal length of a converging lens by location of virtual images, determination of the focal length of a
converging lens by the self conjugate method.
Determination of the focal length of a diverging lens using a concave mirror and a converging lens,
determination of the focal length of a converging lens by displacement method, determination of the focal
length of a convex mirror using a plane mirror and a converging mirror calibration of a voltmeter using a
potentiometer circuit, determination of the emf of a thermo-couple and the boiling point of salt solution suing
a potentiometer circuit, measurement of the resistivity of the material of a wire, comparison of two nearly
equal low resistance using the carey-foster bridge, calibration of ammeter using a potentiometer circuit,
determination of the temperature coefficient of resistance of a copper coil, use of potentiometer as an ideal
voltmeter and use of potentiometer to compare two emfs, determination of unknown length of wire,
determination of the specific latent heat of ice, determination of the specific heat capacity of a liquid by
method of electrical heating, determination of the cubical expansivity of water at various temperature ranges,
determination of the thermal conductivity of a good conducting material (searis’s method), determination of
specific heat capacity of a liquid by method of cooling, determination of specific heat capacities by method of
mixture, determination of apparent coefficient of expansion of a liquid, determination of saturated vapour
pressure of water at different temperature, determination of specific heat capacity of water by the continuous
flow method, heat loss from surfaces.
PHY 210 – BASIC ELECTRONICS (4 UNITS)
Resistance and Resistors: Types, resistors combinations, resistor power ratings, determination of resistor
values, resistor problems and resistor in AC and DC circuits. Capacitance and Capacitors: types of capacitors,
capacitor combinations, capacitor working voltage ratings, determination of capacitor values and capacitors in
AC and DC circuits. Inductors and Transformers: types of inductor and transformers, inductor combinations,
transformer power ratings, inductor and transformer troubles, inductors and transformer in AC and DC
circuits. P-n junction devices: types of diodes (e.g. general-purpose and special purpose diodes), operation of
the general purpose diodes is the forward and reverse modes. Circuit application of LEDs, zeners and their
common troubles. Characteristics and mode of operations of Bipolar junctions transistor (BJT) and field effect
transistors. P-n junction devices troubles. Small signal amplifiers: transistors biasing techniques, amplifier in
the common emitter (CE) common base (CB) and common collector (CC) modes. AC analysis of small signal
BJT amplifiers. Load line analysis, evaluation of input impedance, voltage gain, output impedance.
Combinational logic circuits: logic gate, truth tables, gate conversions, Minterms and Maxterms. Simple circuit
design using universal logic gates. Oscillators and Timmo circuits: feedback, types of oscillators, conditions
for oscillation, Wien bridge oscillator, phase-shift oscillators and Astable multi-vibrator. Electronics before the
invention of solid state devices: triodes, valves and other devices that uses thermionic emission. Laboratory
instruments: Digital Multimeters (DMMs), function generators, cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).
13
PHY 301 – ANALYTICAL MECHANICS I (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisites – IMC 201
Newtonian Mechanics: motion of a particle in one, two and three dimensions; systems of particles and
collision theory; equilibrium of a system of particles. Newtonian gravitation, conservative forces and
potentials, oscillations, central force problems, accelerated frames of reference, rigid body dynamics,
equilibrium of a rigid body, displacement of a rigid body. Generalized motion; mechanics of continuous media.
PHY 302 – ANALYTICAL MECHANICS II (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 301
Degrees of freedom; generalized coordinates and constraint. Work and potential energy. Lagrange’s
formulation of mechanics and applications. Hamilton’s formulation of mechanics and its applications.
Hamilton-Jacobi equation and waves of constant action, free space and its applications, invariance and
conservation laws. Oscillatory systems, including damped force and coupled oscillations; Normal modes,
stability and normal modes of vibration. The Calculus of variations and the action principle.
PHY 303 – ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisites – PHY 201 and 203
Fields: Vector and scalar fields. Electrostatics and Magnetostatics. Electric field; electric field due to a line
displacement and displacement density. Coulomb’s law. Electric potential; potential due to a distribution of
charges, electric potential due to a dipole, earth’s potential, equipotential surfaces, electric properties of
materials. Gauss’s law. Laplace’s equation and boundary value problems; multiple expansions, dielectric and
magnetic materials. Faraday’s law. Motional emf, Electromagnetic induction, Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law.
Energy in magnetic Fields.
PHY 304 – ELECTRO-MAGNETIC WAVES AND OPTICS (2 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 303
Maxwell’s equations; implications of Maxwell’s equations. Electromagnetic potentials. The wave equation.
Propagation of waves: conductors and dielectrics, plane waves in a conducting medium, plane waves in
perfect dielectric with small loss, propagation in good conductors, poynting vector, skin or penetration depth.
Energy of electromagnetic waves. Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves: reflection from a
perfect conductor at oblique incidence, ratio of reflected to incident electric field strength, Brewster angle.
Transmission lines: two wire open time, coaxial cables, strip and micro strip, wave guides and optical fibres.
Transmission line classification: lobbless line, low-less line, low frequency line, high frequency line,
distortionless lines. Phase and group delay.
PHY 305 – QUANTUM PHYSICS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 201
Wave-particle duality and the uncertainty principle, basic principles of quantum theory; the time dependent
and time independent schrodinger equation, applications of schrodinger equation to the free particles, particle
in the infinite and fine potential wells, the three dimensional box, and their applications. The simple harmonic
oscillator and its applications. Reflection and transmission of potential steps, finite potential barrier and their
applications.
14
PHY 306 – STATISTICAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 103 and PHY 305
Basic concept of statistical mechanics: microscopic basic of thermodynamics and applications, macroscopic
systems, equilibrium of an isolated system and system in a heat bath, perfect classical gas, quantum
mechanical ensemble, velocity distribution, grand canonical ensembles, Fermi Dirac distribution function,
application of Fermi Dirac statistics, Fermi energy, Bose-Einstein distribution function, condensed states,
phase transformations, quantum distributions, elementary kinetic theory of transport processes, fluctuation
phenomena. Applications.
PHY 307/308 – EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS III/IV (1 UNIT EACH)
Pre-requisite – PHY 207/208
A year-long series of mini courses on important experimental techniques. Topics covered include optics:
determination of refractive index of glass prism, a liquid using graphical method. Determination of the focal
length of a convex lens using different methods. Mechanics: determination of the effective mass of a spring.
Determination of the acceleration due to gravity. Determination of the radius of gyration of a wheel and axle.
Investigation of how the time of vibration varies with length of vibrating string. Determination of moment of
inertia. Sound: determination of the velocity of sound using a resonance tube. Electricity: Determination of
the internal resistance of a cell.
PHY 309 – ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (1 UNIT)
Energy basics and efficiency, first and second laws of thermodynamics. Energy sources and consumption.
Energy conservation and cogeneration. Fossil fuels, environmental effects of oil and natural gas. Coal and the
environment. Alternative energy sources: Geothermal energy, use of geothermal energy and the environment.
Renewable alternative energy sources: direct solar collectors, photo voltaic solar energy and the environment,
tidal power, water power and the environment. Energy from biomass, net energy yield from biomass, energy
from biomass and the environment. Nuclear energy: fission reactors, burner reactors, breeder reactors,
radiation doses and health nuclear power-plant accidents. Radioactive waste management. The future of
nuclear energy. Energy policy. Integrated energy management.
PHY 310 – BASIC AMPLIFIERS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 210 and 315
Frequency response analysis of electronic amplifiers. Calculation of input resistance, output resistance, current
voltage and power gains using h and T parameters. Common-base, Common-emitter and Common-collector
amplifiers. Oscillators: Rc oscillators; Phase shift and Wien bridge. LC oscillators; colpitts, clap and Hartley.
Introduction to OP amps. Use of op amps as a summer, differentiator, integrator and differential amplifier.
Power amplifiers, instrumentation amplifier, field effect transistor circuits, stabilized power supplies and
voltage regulation circuits. Transducers noise and interface in systems. Introduction to multi stage amplifiers.
Differential amplifier circuits.
PHY 313 – ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 202
General outline of linear circuits and linear circuit analysis, linear transformations, one port and two port
networks, single phase sinusoidal alternating current circuits, locks diagrams, polyphase circuits, network
topology. The methods of symmetrical components, some properties of three phase systems, examples of
networks of unbalanced impedances. Distribution parameter networks. Ladder networks periodic nonsinusoidal currents in linear circuit, Fourier series, harmonics in three-phase systems. Conventional filter
15
design and operation. Operational methods of transient analysis of distributed parameter networks, non-linear
a.c. circuits, frequency response of electrical networks. Bode plots. Poles and zeroes and time delay, rootlocus concepts.
PHY 314 – SOLID STATE PHYSICS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 305
Crystal structure: Different types of crystal structures, packing fraction, planes and directions, miller indices,
x-ray diffraction, Braglis law and indexing of x-ray in crystal binding, binding forces in crystal, different types
of bonding in crystals. Elastic properties of solids, medlung constant, binding energy per electron of crystals.
Lattice vibration, lattice heat capacity of solids, Einstein model, Debye model, free electron theory of metals.
Superconductivity: occurrence of superconductivity, type I and II superconductors, messoner effect, theories
of superconductivity, BCS theory of superconductivity, Josephson’s effect and applications.
PHY 315 – INTRODUCTORY SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS (3 UNITS)
Electrical condition in metals and semiconductors, energy barrier, motion of electrons in electric and magnetic
fields, Hall effect, Thermoelectric effects, Photoelectric and Secondary Electronic Emissions Phenomena.
Photo-conduction. Devices based on Photoelectric effects, photoconductive and secondary emission effects.
Photomultipliers and Photodiodes. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, fabrication of simple devices, pn
junction, bipolar and field effect transistor. Solar cells.
PHY 317 - SPECIAL RELATIVITY (2 UNITS)
Galilean transformations and limitation of Newtonian mechanics, constancy of speed of light. MichelsonMorley experiment. Lorentz-Einstein transformations. Space-time diagram, event and world lines. Proper time
and time dilation. Proper distance and length contraction. Simultaneity of events, relativistic addition of
events. Doppler Effect. Relativistic kinematics and dynamics, mass-energy equivalence, four vectors, Spacetime and energy-momentum, invariants relativity and electric and magnetic fields. Invariance of Maxwell
equation.
PHY 318 – Electronic Practical II
Single stage amplifiers: Common emitter, common base, common collector, Multistage amplifiers, Power
supplies and voltage regulators, Power amplifiers Oscillators: Wien bridge, Hartley and Colpitts, FET, its
characteristics common source and common drain amplifiers.
PHY 319 – Electronic Practical I
I-V Characteristics of the diode. Rectifier circuits: Half-wave, full wave and full wave bridge rectifier circuits.
DC – to – DC converters, buck converter, wave-shaping circuits: clamping circuits, clipping circuits, voltage
transfer characteristics of the diode; photo diode, photo detectors, LEDs, LDR, Forward current transfer ratio,
silicon control rectifier, Transistor as a switch.
PHY 401 – QUANTUM MECHANICS I (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisites – PHY 304 and IMC 209
The formulation of quantum mechanics in term of state vectors and linear operators: Definition and
properties of linear operators, adjoint operators, null operators, complex operators, Schrodinger equation
from operator formalism, Schrodinger equation in momentum representation, Representation of state vectors
and state Function in terms of matrix. Dirac Bra and Ket notation, Eigen values and Eigen function. Three
dimensionally spherically symmetric potentials. Solution of Schrodinger equation in spherically symmetric
16
potential. Free particle in a spherically symmetric potential, the hydrogen atom. Theory of angular momentum
and spin.
Definition of angular momentum in term of operators, communication relating in angular momentum Rotation
of angular momentum, Eigen values of angular momentum and L2. Spin angular momentum and their
representation, Pauli spin matrix identical particles and exclusion principle, Symmetric and anti-symmetric
wave function and their construction, Slater determinant, Boson and Fermions, Spin-half particles in a box
and study of their properties. Method of approximation: Semi- classical approximation (WKB approximation),
the Rayleigh-Ritz approximation, Time independent perturbation theory for stationary state. Multi-electron
atom, control field approximation, Determination of the central potential; The Hartree-Fock or self-consistent
Field method, Thomas Fermi Model.
PHY 402, PHY 404 and PHY 406 – SECOND SEMESTER PLUS LONG VACATION
(SIWES) FORM A
Industrial Attachment (Log book personal Data): Organisational profile, Daily Record of student activities,
Project assigned, special design(s), weekly record of work done, Monthly comments. Biodata, programme
appraisal, accomplishments, design and evaluation.
Industrial Attachment (Report write-up based on the industrial experience gained): Write-up contains four
chapters, defense of report in the department.
PHY 405 – MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS I (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – IMC 209
Linear algebra and functional analysis: Transformation in linear vector space and matrix theory. Hilbert space
and complete sets of orthogonal functions. Special Functions of Mathematical physics. The gamma function,
hyper-geometric functions, Legendre functions, Bessel functions. Hermit and Languerre function. The Dirac
Delta function. Integral Transforms, Fourier series and Fourier transforms, Laplace transform. Application of
transform methods to the solution of elementary differential equations of interest in Physics and Engineering.
PHY 407 – COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS (3 UNITS)
Use of numerical methods such as Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature, linear interpolation,
Finite difference, self-consist solution of some problems in Physics, Numerical differentiation, Finite difference
approximation.
Numerical solutions of differential equations in Physics. Concept of error and statistical analysis in Physics,
various methods of numerical integration, differentiation. Statistical analysis of experimental data. Computer
programming in Fortran, Basic and Visual Basic: rudiments of computer programming.
PHY 409 – ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 210
Principle of measurements, errors, accuracy. Units of measurement and electrical standards. Detailed
construction of measuring instruments (moving coil and moving iron meters). Types and effects of damping
on these instruments. Detailed description of the wattmeter, Q-meter and semiconductor testers, circuit
diagrams of synchronous and asynchronous semiconductor counters of modulo 10 and 12 using CMOS and
TTL integrated circuits. Digital voltmeter. Use of 7106 and 7107 integrated circuits for LED and LCD displays.
Operational amplifier for measurement of ac and dc voltage and current. Introduction to the design of
electronics instruments for the measurement of temperature, resistance, liquid level, speed etc.
17
PHY 415 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 315
The transistor as a switch, power dissipation, base over drive, storage drive and switching speed. Logic gates:
AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR. Truth tables, noise margin, totem pole, open collector and tristate
outputs, TTL, CMOS, NMOS and ECL. Combinational systems, Boolean algebra, identities, De-Morgan’s law,
Karnaugh maps, Quinne McClusky Minimization by computer aided techniques. The half and full Adder. Flipflop: R-S, J-K and D types, Edge and level trigger, master- slave types, the shift register. Circuit techniques.
Oscillators sine wave amplitude control, sequencing, frequency stability, waveform discrimination. Practical
ramp generators. Conversion techniques; frequency to voltage, staircase generation, analogue to digital,
Digital to Analogue. Termination of pulsed lines, Beageron diagram. Low noise amplifier design. Use of
discrete components for minimum noise.
PHY 417 – ELECTRONIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES (2 UNITS)
This laboratory course consists of a group of experiments drawn from various topics in electronics such as the
characteristics of FETS, single stage common emitter, common base and common collector amplifiers,
common source and common drain FET amplifiers. Multi stage amplifiers using BJTS and FETS. Construction
and measurement of the characteristics of phase shift, Wien bridge, Colpitts, Hartley and tuned collector
oscillators. Stabilized power supplies using BJTS and OP amp as the control element. Characteristics and uses
of OP amps as an inverter, summer, differentiator and integrator. Characteristics and uses of logic gates as
counters and registers. Construction of weighted resistor and R-2R digital to analogue converters. Flash, dual
slope, counter type and ramp analogue to digital converters.
PHY 419 – INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS (3 UNITS)
Modulation: Amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation systems; Radio and T.V.
systems: modes of transmission; waveguides, radio waves, satellite communications. Lines loses: Types of
transmission lines, lobby lines, lobbless lines, propagation constant, attenuation constant and characteristics
impedance of transmission lines. Networking, Topology, Digital transmission. Radar: Principles of radar, radar
equation, types of radar. Telephone: Parts of the telephone, making a call.
PHY 501 – QUANTUM MECHANICS II (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisites – PHY 401 and IMC 209
Time-independent perturbation theory: Stationary perturbation theory, second order correction and Higher
order wave function, The perturbed harmonic oscillator, Gravitational energy shift in atomic hydrogen, Timeindependent perturbation theory for degenerate energy level, Doubly degenerate energy level, Quasidegenerate states, The stark effect, The Fine structure constant and anomalous Zeeman effect. Time
Dependent perturbation theory: variation of constants, General features of time-dependent perturbation
theory, Transition probability, Thomas-Fermi golden rule, time dependent perturbation theory for nondegenerate and degenerate cases; Two-level system. Time-independent perturbation theory for transitions.
Scattering theory; Basic definitions and general features of the scattering potential, Method of partial waves,
Applications of natural wave method, Resonance scattering, scattering by hand sphere potential, nucleonnucleon scattering, nucleon-proton scattering, Transition matrix, The Bohr approximation, Green’s Function of
the Schrödinger equation for a single particle and time – dependent Green’s Function theory, elastics potential
scattering. Green’s function and partial wave methods. Selected phenomena from each of atomic physics,
molecular physics, Solid State Physics and nuclear Physics are described and then interpreted using quantum
mechanical models.
PHY 502 – CONTROL THEORY (3 UNITS)
Basic concepts and examples of control systems. Introduction to Laplace transform: theories of Laplace
transform, derivation of inverse transform. Use of Laplace transform in the solution of differential equations.
Reduction of control problems to block diagrams. Block diagram algebra. Reduction of control problems to
differential equations and solution of second order differential equation with step input, impulse input and
sinusoidal input. Laplace transform and its use in the solution. Feedback, time response analysis, concept of
18
stability, Routh Hurwitz criterion. Root locus techniques. Frequency response analysis, polar and Bode plots,
Nyquist stability criteria, Nichol’s chart, compensation technique and introduction to non-linear systems.
PHY 503 – SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 210 and 401
The chemical physics of semiconductors, preparation, purification, growth of simple crystals, evaluation of
chemical structural properties, doping effect, mechanical and metallurgical properties. Thermodynamic and
kinetic consideration in crystal growth from melt and by chemical vapour transport techniques. Scanning and
transmission, electron microscopy, X-ray Photograph, photo luminescence and mass spectroscopy, Si, Ge,
GaAs, GaP, InSo and other common compound semiconductors, their preparation and measurements of
electrical properties. Processing of semiconductive material for device fabrication. Formation of p.n junction.
Luminescence and Luminescent materials, Photo emissive and photoconductive materials. Materials for IC’s
and their fabrication
PHY 504 – VACUUM PHYSICS AND THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 210
Design and characteristics of vacuum systems; different types of vacuum pumps and their uses, measurement
of low pressure, different types of pressure gauges, use of valves and other vacuum materials. Industrial uses
of vacuum systems, vacuum heating, furnace, induction heating, electron bombardment heating.
Thin Film Technology
Vacuum evaporation by various means, evaporation sources and techniques, substrate and surfaces
preparation for thin film deposition in vacuum. Epitaxial growth processes. Heat treatment of thin film,
compatibility of film and substrates, sputtering techniques. Deposition of thin insulating films by Rutherford
sputtering, preparation and use of masks for thin film deposition. Characterization and application of thin
films.
PHY 505 - MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS II (3 UNITS)
Partial Differential Equations: Solution of boundary value problem of partial differential equations by various
methods which include; separation of variables, the method of integral transforms. Sturm-Liouvelle theory,
Uniqueness of solutions. Calculus of residues and applications to evaluation integral and summation of series.
Applications to various physical situations which may include electromagnetic theory, quantum theory,
diffusion phenomena.
PHY 509 – SOLID STATE PHYSICS II (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 401
Dielectric properties of solids, polarization, plasma, oscillation in solids, polaron and its dispersion relation.
Molecular field theory, classical and Quantum theories of magnetism. Applications of magnetic materials,
concepts of defects in solids, imperfections in solids, Trenknel defects, Schokky defects and Einstein’s
diffusion equation. Magnetic properties of materials; magnetic susceptibility, paramagnetism, diamagnetism,
ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, domain theory, Langevin theory of diamagnetism and
paramagnetism. Quantum theory of magnetism, magnetic resonance, imperfection in solids, Frankel and
Schokky defects, Fick’s law, Einstein’s law and diffusion of imperfections in solid.
PHY 512 – ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE (3 UNITS)
Theory of modern energy conversion, transmission and storage methods; Windmills, Heat engines, Classical
engines. Ocean thermal energy converters, techno-electric, thermionic, fuel cells, production of hydrogen,
electrolytic, chemical thermolytic, photolytic, hydrogen storage. Photoelectron converters, photo thermovoltaic converters. Biomass, Photosynthesis, production of methanol and ethanol from vegetable matter.
19
PHY 517 - THEORY OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES, DESIGNS AND FABRICATION (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 417
Fabrication, design and application of micro-circuits, IC technology, doping process, fabrication of simple
devices, p-n junction, LEDs, transistors. Classification of Integrated circuits, Merits of Integrated circuit (IC),
Bipolar Monolithic circuits, Metal-oxide silicon (MOS) IC’s, Hybrid ICs, Thin and Thick-film Techniques, Basic
processes in thin film Technology, Anodization, Thin film Resistors, Thin film Capacitor, Thin film Inductors,
Substrates, Thick film components, Monolithic Techniques, Basic Fabrication Sequence, Growth and Refining
of Silicon Crystals, Epitaxial process, Diffusion, Surface Passivation, Photolithograph, Metallization, Isolation,
Monolithic Transistors and Diodes, Monolithic Junction FET and MOSFET, Special MOS processes, Advantages
and demerits of MOS devices, Ion Implantation, Design guidelines for monolithic, ICs (include operanges),
Practical hints on Photolithograph.
PHY 518 – ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY (3 UNITS)
The hydrogen atom, the Bohr’s theory, the Bohr-Sommerfeld theory, the energy of elliptical orbits. The
Relativistic correction and its effects. Electron spin and the vector model of the atom. Identical particles and
symmetry. Many electron atoms, coupling scheme. The diatomic molecule, hyperfine structure, Zeeman
effects, Frand-condon principle, x-ray diffraction, Compton effects, reflection, refraction and polarization of xrays, effects of x-rays. Microwave methods, resonance phenomena, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ES,
optical pumping and Mossbauer Effect.
PHY 522 – SEMINAR
(2 UNITS)
The students are given specific seminar topics in various areas of Physics to be researched under the
guidance of the supervising lecturer. The write-ups are submitted for grading and correction. The assessment
includes 60 percent oral presentation; averaged from all the scores of the departmental academic staff. The
remaining 40 percent is awarded by the seminar supervisor. Three copies of the seminar are submitted to the
department after the final correction.
PHY 531 – NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS I (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 305
Nuclear structure, nuclear properties: nuclear size, nuclear masses; nuclear models, nuclear forces, the
deuteron, neutron-proton and proton-proton scattering at low energies. Radio-active Decay; Alpha, beta,
gamma decays. Nuclear reactions, reaction cross sections, compound nucleus formation and breakup.
PHY 532 – NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS II (3 UNITS)
Pre-requisite – PHY 401
Radiation sources: fast electron, internal conversion, Auger electrons, charged particle sources, sources of
electromagnetic radiation, annihilation radiation, Bremsstrahlung, characteristic x-ray, synchrotron radiation.
Nuclear Instrumentations and radiation detection techniques; detectors, nuclear spectroscopy. Neutron
physics; Production, detection of neutrons. Nuclear reactor, nuclear energy, Fission and fusion. Elementary
particles: Conservation laws, partial classification. Strong electromagnetic and weak interactions, nuclear
astrophysics, heavy-ions physics, particle production, quantum chronodynamics, quark density functions, CP
violations and heavy quarks.
PHY 534 – INTRODUCTION TO ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS – ELECTIVE (3 UNITS)
Geographical, hydrostatic equation, static stability, solar and terrestrial radiation principles of radiative
transfer, moisture variables, lapse rate, types and characteristics of atmospheric stability. Atmospheric layers
and characteristics. Geostrophic and thermal winds, vertical fluxes of heat, Types of chonids and their
classification. Precipitation, distribution of water vapour and temperature.
PHY 599 – FINAL YEAR STUDENT’S PROJECT (6 UNITS)
Independent research project topics from all areas of Physics: Solid State Physics, Nuclear and Health
Physics, Atmospheric/Communication Physics, Instrumentation and Electronics, Environmental Physics. The
20
students are provided with research topics under lecturer’s supervision. The research is either experimental or
theoretical. The work is done under close supervision by assigned lecturer. The assessment includes
supervisor’s grade, oral presentation and external examiner’s grade. The student’s are mandated to submit
three binded copies of the thesis after the external examiner’s assessment.
21
COURSE CURRICULUM FOR POSTGRADUATE
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
1.
PROGRAMMES OFFERED
(a)
Postgraduate Diploma (PGD)
(b)
Master of Technology (M.Tech)
(c)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D)
2.
AVAILABLE OPTIONS / SPECIALIZATION
The Department award:
(a)
PGD in Physics with electronics
(b)
M.Tech and
(c)
Ph.D. degrees with specialization in
3.
(i)
Condensed Matter Physics
(ii)
Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation
(iii)
Communications Physics
(iv)
Radiation and Health Physics
(v)
Space Physics
(vi)
Lower Atmospheric Physics
ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS:
Candidates must satisfy the general regulations governing postgraduate studies at the Federal University of
Technology, Akure. In addition, the following departmental requirements should be met:
(a)
PGD Programme
Candidates must satisfy the general regulations governing postgraduate studies at the Federal University of
Technology, Akure. In addition, the following departmental requirements should be met:Applicants shall possess HND or AIST in any area of physical sciences. Candidates with good honours first
degree in any area of physics or ordinary pass with experience in industry or government establishment shall
also be considered for admission.
(b)
M.Tech Programme
(i)
Candidates with at least a Second Class (Lower Division) B.Tech. Degree in Physics recognized
University is eligible for admission.
(ii)
Candidates with at least a Second Class (Lower Division) in Mathematics, Geography, Meteorology
and Chemistry from the Federal University of Technology, Akure or any other recognized University
may be considered for admission on their own merit. Students who have minor deficiencies in
undergraduate preparation, particularly on the areas mentioned in (ii) above will be given the
opportunity, and may be required to make good these deficiencies before proceeding to postgraduate
courses.
22
(c)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Programme
Candidates for the Ph.D. degree should have obtained the M.Tech degree in Physics from the Federal
University of Technology, Akure or any other recognized University with any average grade of B. Where
applicable the candidates may be required to score at least 60% in the Master’s thesis examination.
4. DURATION OF PROGRAMME
(a)
PGD Programme
The PGD shall be for a period of 12 months. The two semesters shall be by course work and examinations.
The candidates shall present a research project submitted and approved at the end of second semester.
M.Tech Programme
The M.Tech. programme shall be for a period of 18 months. The first two semesters shall be by course work
and examinations. The third semester shall be by thesis based on a research proposal submitted and
approved at the end of the second semester.
(c)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Programme
The Ph.D shall normally be required to spend between 36 and 48 months for full-time candidates and
between 48 and 72 months for part-time candidates.
5. REQUIREMENT FOR GRADUATION
(a)
PGD
In addition to satisfying other University regulations, the student must have passed all the courses prescribed
by the department and must have obtained a satisfactory grade in the PGD Project according to the
regulation of School of Post Graduate Studies
23
6. COURSE OUTLINE
(a)
POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA (PGD)
FIRST SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 701
Mathematical Methods
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 703
Analytical Mechanics
2
1
0
3
3
PHY 705
Introductory Solid State Electronics
2
1
0
3
4
PHY 707
Digital Electronics
2
1
0
3
5
PHY 709
Electronics Devices Design & Fabrication
2
1
0
3
TOTAL
15
SECOND SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 702
Electromagnetism
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 704
Quantum Physics
2
1
0
3
3
PHY 706
Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation
2
1
0
3
4
PHY 708
Nuclear and Particle Physics
2
1
0
3
5
PHY 710
Vacuum Physics & Thin Film Technology
3
0
0
3
6
PHY 712
Energy Conservation and Storage
3
0
0
3
TOTAL
18
PROJECT
S/N
1
Course code
PHY 799
Course Title
Contact Hours
PGD Research Project
TOTAL
L
T
P
0
0
18
Course Unit
6
6
24
(b)
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY (M.Tech)
(b1)
M.Tech in Condensed Matter Physics
FIRST SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course
Unit
1
PHY 801
Methods of Mathematical Physics
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 803
Electrodynamics
2
1
0
3
3
PHY 817
Digital Electronics
2
0
3
3
4
PHY 821
Quantum Mechanics
2
1
0
3
5
PHY 823
Computation Physics
2
0
3
3
TOTAL
15
SECOND SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 804
Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques
0
0
9
3
2
PHY 808
Solid State Theory
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 830
Statistical Physics
2
1
0
3
4
Compulsory Elective
3
0
0
3
5
Elective
3
0
0
3
TOTAL
15
COMPULSORY ELECTIVES
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course
Unit
1
PHY 805
Properties of Materials
3
0
0
3
2
PHY 819
Chaotic Dynamics
3
0
0
3
25
ELECTIVES
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 809
Solid State Devices Theory
3
0
0
3
2
PHY 810
Technology & Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 811
Atomic and Molecular Theory
3
0
0
3
4
PHY 812
Technology of Semiconductor Materials
3
0
0
3
5
PHY 828
Non-Conventional Energy Sources
3
0
0
3
Course Title
Contact Hours
PROJECT
S/N
1
Course code
Master’s Thesis Research Project
PHY 899
L
T
P
0
0
18
TOTAL
(b2)
Course
Unit
12
12
M.Tech in Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation
FIRST SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course
Unit
1
PHY 801
Methods of Mathematical Physics
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 803
Electrodynamics
2
1
0
3
3
PHY 817
Digital Electronics
2
0
3
3
4
PHY 821
Quantum Mechanics
2
1
0
3
5
PHY 823
Computation Physics
2
0
3
3
TOTAL
15
26
SECOND SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 804
Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques
0
0
9
3
2
PHY 806
Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 807
Advanced Electronics
3
0
0
3
4
PHY 818
Control System Techniques
3
0
0
3
Elective
3
0
0
3
5
TOTAL
15
ELECTIVES
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 810
Technology & Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices
3
0
0
3
2
PHY 812
Technology of Semiconductor Materials
3
0
0
3
Course Title
Contact Hours
PROJECT
S/N
1
Course code
PHY 899
Master’s Thesis Research Project
TOTAL
L
T
P
0
0
18
Course
Unit
12
12
27
(b3)
M.Tech in Communication Physics
FIRST SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course
Unit
1
PHY 801
Methods of Mathematical Physics
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 803
Electrodynamics
2
1
0
3
3
PHY 817
Digital Electronics
2
0
3
3
4
PHY 821
Quantum Mechanics
2
1
0
3
5
PHY 823
Computation Physics
2
0
3
3
TOTAL
15
SECOND SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 804
Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques
0
0
9
3
2
PHY 814
Radio wave Propagation
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 816
Antenna Theory
3
0
0
3
4
PHY 820
Satellite Technology
3
0
0
3
Elective
3
0
0
3
5
TOTAL
15
ELECTIVE
S/N
Course code
Contact
Hours
Course Title
Course Unit
L
T
P
1
PHY 850
Ionospheric Physics
3
0
0
3
2
PHY 856
Space Weather
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 858
Satellite Imagery
3
0
0
3
28
PROJECT
S/N
1
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
Master’s Thesis Research Project
PHY 899
L
T
P
0
0
18
TOTAL
(b4)
Course Unit
12
12
M.Tech in Radiation and Health Physics
FIRST SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 801
Methods of Mathematical Physics
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 803
Electrodynamics
2
1
0
3
3
PHY 817
Digital Electronics
2
0
3
3
4
PHY 821
Quantum Mechanics
2
1
0
3
5
PHY 823
Computation Physics
2
0
3
3
TOTAL
15
SECOND SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 804
Advanced Laboratory and Experimental
Techniques
0
0
9
3
2
PHY 822
Radiation Detection of Spectroscopy
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 824
Advanced Nuclear and Energy Physics
3
0
0
3
4
PHY 826
Radiation Protection and Dosimetry
3
0
0
3
Elective
3
0
0
3
5
TOTAL
15
29
ELECTIVE
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 811
Atomic and Molecular Theory
3
0
0
3
2
PHY 815
Non-conventional energy sources
3
0
0
3
Course Title
Contact Hours
PROJECT
S/N
1
Course code
Master’s Thesis Research Project
PHY 899
L
T
P
0
0
18
TOTAL
(b5)
Course Unit
12
12
M.Tech in Space Physics
FIRST SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 801
Methods of Mathematical Physics
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 803
Electrodynamics
2
1
0
3
3
PHY 817
Digital Electronics
2
0
3
3
4
PHY 821
Quantum Mechanics
2
1
0
3
5
PHY 823
Computation Physics
2
0
3
3
TOTAL
15
30
SECOND SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 804
Advanced Laboratory and Experimental
Techniques
0
0
9
3
2
PHY 850
Planetary Atmospheres
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 852
Ionospheric Physics
3
0
0
3
4
PHY 854
Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomenon
3
0
0
3
Elective
3
0
0
3
5
TOTAL
15
ELECTIVE
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 856
Space Weather
3
0
0
3
2
PHY 858
Satellite Imagery
3
0
0
3
Course Title
Contact Hours
PROJECT
S/N
1
Course code
PHY 899
Master’s Thesis Research Project
TOTAL
L
T
P
0
0
18
Course Unit
12
12
31
(b6)
M.Tech in Lower Atmospheric Physics
FIRST SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 801
Methods of Mathematical Physics
2
1
0
3
2
PHY 803
Electrodynamics
2
1
0
3
3
PHY 817
Digital Electronics
2
0
3
3
4
PHY 821
Quantum Mechanics
2
1
0
3
5
PHY 823
Computation Physics
2
0
3
3
TOTAL
15
SECOND SEMESTER
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 804
Advanced Laboratory and Experimental
Techniques
0
0
9
3
2
PHY 840
Physics of the Lower Atmospheric
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 842
Fluid Dynamics
3
0
0
3
4
PHY 844
Atmospheric Radiation
3
0
0
3
Elective
3
0
0
3
5
TOTAL
15
ELECTIVE
S/N
Course code
Course Title
Contact Hours
L
T
P
Course Unit
1
PHY 850
Planetary Atmospheres
3
0
0
3
2
PHY 852
Ionospheric Physics
3
0
0
3
3
PHY 858
Satellite Imagery
3
0
0
3
32
PROJECT
S/N
1
Course code
PHY 899
Course Title
Contact Hours
Master’s Thesis Research Project
L
T
P
0
0
18
TOTAL
(c)
Course Unit
12
12
Ph.D.
PROJECT
S/N
1
Course code
PHY 999
Course Title
Contact Hours
Doctoral Research Project.
TOTAL
L
T
P
-
-
-
Course Unit
-
33
POSTGRADUATE COURSE SYNOPSES
(a)
PGD
PHY 701 Mathematical Methods 3 Units
Methods of solving first order o.d.e. and second order o.d.e. with constant coefficient. General theory of nth
order linear equations. Laplace transform and its use to solve initial-value I problems. Simple treatment of
partial differential equations independent variables. Application of o.d.e. to physical life. Special functions of
mathematical physics e.g. gamma function, hypergeometric function, Legendre functions, Bessel’s functions,
Hermite and Laguerre functions, Dirac Delta function, Fourier series and transforms. Solution of boundary
value problems of p.d.e. by methods of separation of variables and integral transforms Calculus of residues
and its application to evaluation of integral and summation of series. Applications to various physical
situations which include e.m. theory, quantum theory and diffusion phenomena. Techniques for the solution
of boundary value problems. Use of Green’s functions.
PHY 702 Electromagnetism 3 Units
Electromagnetic: Superposition, Coulomb’s Law, electrostatic force etc. Gauss’ Law and applications. Poisson
and Laplace equations. Boundary value problems, Magnetostatics, static field and matter, electric and
magnetic energy. Faraday’s law. Moving charges in function fields. Maxwell’s equations and applications.
Introduction to spherical waves.
PHY 703 Analytical Mechanics 3 Units
Conservative forces and potentials, Central forces problems. Rigid body dynamics, generalized motion,
mechanics of continuous media. Degrees of freedom, generalized coordinates. Lagrange’s formulation of
mechanics applications. The calculus of variation and the action principles. Hamilton’s formulation of
mechanics and applications. Oscillatory systems, including damped, forced and coupled oscillations: Normal
modes.
PHY 704 Quantum Physics 3 Units
Formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of state vectors and linear operators. The theory of angular
momentum and spin. Time-dependent and Time-independent perturbation theory. Scattering theory, elastic
potential scattering. Green’s function and partial wave methods. Selected phenomena from each of atomic
physics, molecular physics, solid state physics and nuclear physics are described and interpreted using
quantum mechanical models. Some aspects of quantum statistical mechanics.
PHY 705 Introductory Solid State Electronics 3 Units
Electrical conduction in metals and semiconductors. Energy barrier. Motion of charge in electric and magnetic
fields. Hall effect. Photoelectric, thermionic and secondary electronic emission phenomena, effects and
applications. Fabrication of electronic devices; diodes, BJT, FET, Solar cells. Introduction to thin films.
Application to IC manufacture.
PHY 706 Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation 3 Units
Principles of measurement errors, accuracy, Detailed working electrical/electronic instruments such as Qmeter, Watt-meter, C.R.O., Semiconductor tester, X-Y plotter, Digital and analogue meters, transducers and
their applications, operational amplifiers, Introduction to the design of electronic equipment.
PHY 707 Electronics 3 Units
Logic gates: AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR, NOT, flip-flop. Types of Logic gates family: DTL, TTL,
CMOS, NMOS, ECL, Logic outputs; Totem pole open collector, tristate Combination of systems. Boolean
algebra. De Morgan’s law, Karnaugh maps, Quinne-McCluskey method. Minimization by computer. Digital
switches. Multiplexers and De-multiplexers. Counters: Asynchronous and Synchronous Counters. Converters:
Digital to analogue and analogue to digital converters.
34
PHY 708 Nuclear and Particle Physics 3 Units
Nuclear structure: Nuclear properties, nuclear size, nuclear masses, nuclear forces, nuclear-nucleon
scattering, the deuteron. Nuclear models. Radioactive decay. Radiation and detectors spectroscopy. Neutron
physics, fission and fusion. Nuclear reactor and nuclear energy. Elementary particles: Conservation laws,
partial classification. Strong electromagnetic and weak interactions
PHY 709 Electronics Devices and Fabrication 3 Units
Fabrication, design and application of micro-circuits, IC technology, doping process, fabrication of simple
devices, pn junction, LEDs, transistors etc.
PHY 710 Vacuum Physics and Thin Film 3 Units
Design and characterization of vacuum systems: different types of vacuum pumps and their uses,
measurement of low pressure, different types of pressure gauges; use of valves and other vacuum materials.
Industrial uses of vacuum systems, vacuum heating, furnaces, induction heating, electron bombardment
heating. Vacuum evaporation by various means, evaporation sources and techniques, substrate and surface
preparation for thin film deposition in vacuum. Epitaxial. Growth processes. Heat treatment of thin film,
compatibility of films and substrates, sputtering techniques, deposition of thin insulating films by RF,
sputtering preparation and use of masks for thin film deposition. Characterization and application of thin films.
PHY 799 PGD Research Project 3 Units
A research project in contemporary physics under the supervision of a staff. A detailed report on the research
is presented at the completion of the project.
PHY 712 Energy Conversion and Storage 3 Units
Theory of modern energy conversion, transmission and storage methods; windmills, heat engines, classical
engines, ocean thermal energy converters, thermoelectric thermionic, fuel cells, production of hydrogen,
electrolytic, chemical thermolytic, photolytic, hydrogen storage, photoelectron converters, photothermovoltaic, biomass, photosynthesis production of methanol and ethanol from vegetable matter.
(b)
M.Tech.
PHY 801 Methods of Mathematical Physics 3 Units
Techniques for the solution of Boundary value problems, use of Green’s functions, integral Equations, Vector
Spaces, Tensor Transformations, Materials, Complex Variable theory, Group, Representations and symmetry.
PHY 821 Quantum Mechanics 3 Units
Quantum Mechanics of one particle system, Quantum Mechanics of Heisenberg, Matrix mechanics and
transformation theory of Quantum Mechanics, Theory of angular momentum and spin, Zeeman effect, Time
dependent and time independent approximation methods and application, scattering theory, Dirac equation,
low order radiation processes, relativistic Quantum Mechanics.
PHY 803 Electrodynamics (3 Units)
Concept of potential and its applications, Single and multiple boundary value problems, The electromagnetic
field’s energy, forces and momentum relations, Maxwell’s equations’ solutions of the wave equation.
Applications to radiating systems, Elements of relativistic electrodynamics, Moving charges, classical electron
theory.
PHY 804 Advanced Laboratory and Experimental Techniques (3 Units)
Three projects in electronics and in basic physical techniques, e.g. vacuum techniques, optical
instrumentation.
PHY 805 Properties of Materials (3 Units)
The structure of atoms; Bohr-Rutherford, Wave-mechanical models; Inter-atomic and molecular forces; X-ray
crystallography; Crystal imperfections; point defect, line defects, dislocation mechanism of slip, role of
dislocation, planar defects, atomic movements in solids.
35
PHY 806 Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation (3 Units)
Errors, Standards, accuracy and calibration; Relationship between specification and circuit performance.
Analogue and digital measurements, Transducers and sensors, Signal conditioning, amplification, multiplexing
sampling, digital to analogue and analogue to digital conversion. Noise in instrumentation systems; Data
indication and recording storage, Signal electrical and optical characterization of signal crystals.
PHY 807 Advanced Electronics (3 Units)
Semiconductor diodes, transistors, special power semiconductor devices. Transistor circuits and amplifiers,
power distortion, multistage amplifier feed-back and bandwidth. I.C devices and circuits, operational
amplifiers, phase locked loops, gyrators, tuned circuits, active filters, detectors, logarithmic generators,
variable gain devices; Analysis of circuits for generating, shaping and manipulating waveforms using elements
such as line transformers and I.C’s.
Three projects in electronics and in basic physical techniques, e.g. vacuum techniques, optical
instrumentation.
PHY 808 Solid State Theory (3 Units)
Symmetry and group theory; Electron States, Self-consistent field approximations methods, the Semi-surface,
Semi-conductors and metals, the Kronig-Penny model, Dynamics of electrons and holes in semiconductors,
Insulator bands, Impurity states; Scattering by resonance and impurities, Electronic properties;
Thermodynamic, transport, semiconductor systems, screening. Dielectric properties. Optical properties;
Lattice vibrations; Phonon and the lattice specific heat, Electron-phonon interactions, Superconductivity.
Density functional theory and its applications.
PHY 809 Solid State Devices Theory (3 Units)
PN junction theory: homo and hetero-junctions, metal-semiconductor junction, General characteristics and
physical limitations of bipolar transistor; Relation of physical properties to electrical characteristics. Theory of
junction-field effect transistor, Theory of insulated gate transistors, properties of the metal-oxide,
semiconductor system and its applications in insulated gate field effect transistor. High field and hull effect
devices. Theory of quantum mechanics; Time-dependent and time-independent approximation methods.
Scattering theory.
PHY 810 Technology and Fabrication of Semiconductor Devices (3 Units)
Formation of PN junction, Formation of oxide and nitride layers on silicon, The photolithographic process;
Oxide and nitride layers and diffusion masks, Formation of metal layers, Vacuum deposition. Ohmic contacts,
Assembly methods, Outline of technology of semiconductor diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, Evaluation
of the technology; in-process texts on finished devices.
PHY 811 Atomic and Molecular Theory (3 Units)
Quantum mechanical description of the hydrogen atom, electron spin, angular momentum vector and
interaction. Radioactive transitions. ED approximation probability. Selection rules; The self-consistent field
formations and the Hartre-Fork equations, Multiplex structure by Recah methods, Hyper-fine couplings and
isotope shift, Atoms on crystal lattices, The stark and Zeeman effects, Vibrational-rotational structure of
diatomic polyatomic molecules, Molecular orbitals.
PHY 812 Technology of Semiconductor Materials (3 Units)
Methods of single crystal growth; Vacuum deposition of single crystal layers. Impurities and lattice defects in
semiconductors. Properties of germanium and silicon and of selected A13Bv compounds, GaAs, GaP, InSb, etc.
Behaviour of impurities during crystal growth from the melt. Zone refining controlled doping, preparation and
growth of inter-metalic semiconductor crystal. Mechanical, electrical and optical characterization of single
crystals.
PHY 814 Radio Wave Properties (3 Units)
Propagation mechanisms through the troposphere, Radio services, Quantifying propagation performance.
Electromagnetic wave radiation, Line-of-sight and transhorizon propagation. Attenuation by atmospheric
gases, noise, rain attenuation. Ionospheric propagation, Special problems of hf radio communication
associated with the equatorial ionosphere. Radio noise, Prediction techniques, Calculation and Measurement
of field strength, power flux density, radiation and transmission loss.
36
PHY 815 Non-conventional Energy Sources (3 Units)
Conventional and non-conventional energy sources; Bio-mass energy, energy storage in plans. Manufacture
of synthetic fuel. Desertification and fuel wood conservation, Fossil energy, petroleum exploration. Energy
consumption in industry, transportation and other sectors. Nuclear energy, nuclear reactions, nuclear fission
and fusion, Reactor design, Efficient use of energy in small and medium forms. Waste utilization and
recovery. Energy analysis and optimization; improving efficiency of power plants for production of electric
energy. Energy planning.
PHY 816 Antenna Theory (3 Units)
Antenna: basis, construction and measurements; tuning, gain and radiation pattern measurement. Antenna
modification, types and characteristics, antenna radiation, reception, currents and polarization. Propagation in
free space, effective radiative power, system performance, fading and variability, fading allowances,
reliability, worst conditions.
PHY 817 Digital Electronics (3 Units)
Switching circuits, Gates: AND, OR, NOR, NAND, NOT, EX-OR and EX-NOR gates, logic circuit designs. Sum of
products and Products-of-sums expression, Karnaugh maps. Flip-flops. Arithmetic circuits: Adder and
Subtractors. Binary multipliers. Counters and counter applications. Memory devices. Introduction to
microprocessors and microcomputers.
PHY 818 Control Systems Technique (3 Units)
Control systems, representation, open loop and closed loop control. Transfer function, Steady state and
transient behaviour of control system. Stability and sensitivity of control systems. Frequency response
methods. Root-loans Method, Control System synthesis. Process control and controllers.
PHY 819 Chaotic Dynamics (3 Units)
Concept of phase space, Point-care section, phase diagrams, Basins of attraction, Bifurcation diagrams,
Simple chaotic maps: the Logistic map, the circle map, the horse-shoe map. Characterization of chaotic
attractions, Lyapunov exponents, Chaos in fluid dynamics, Lasers, Chaos and quantum physics.
PHY 820 Satellite Technology (3 Units)
The scope and nature of scientific research using vehicles, orbits in a central gravitational field, dynamical
requirements for launching earth satellites, rocket propulsion, the tracking of space vehicles; satellite remote
Assembly methods. Outline of technology of semiconductor diodes, transistors integrated circuits. Evaluation
of the technology in-process texts on finished devices.
PHY 822 Radiation detection and Spectroscopy (3 Units)
Principles of radiation detection. Review of interaction of radiation with matter, Ionizations and excitations.
Survey of detector types: Gas-filled, scintillation and semiconductor detectors. Nal (TI) detector characteristics
and resolving time. Liquid scintillation analyses, quenching, Solid state (semiconductor) detectors; the HpGe
detectors, Photo-peak efficiencies and multichannels pulse height analysis. Detectors resolutions.
Measurement statistics, Nuclear analytical methods: Thermal and fast neutron activation: neutron sources and
neutron reaction cross-sections, energy dependence, resonance. Neutron activation analysis and applications.
X-ray fluorescence analysis, the yield equation, sources, domain of application, analytical parameters. Track
analysis; principles of fission and charge particle tracks, radio measurements. Isotope dilution and solvent
extraction methods of radiometric analysis. Principles of the gamma and positron cameras.
PHY 823 Computational Physics (3 Units)
Numerical linear algebra, root finding, approximation theory, integration, ordinary differential equations,
optimization techniques, initial and boundary value problems, finite element methods, direct and indirect
methods in matrix theory, optimization with constraints, analysis of numerical stability, computer
programming.
PHY 824 Advance Nuclear and Energy Physics (3 Units)
Review of fundamentals of Nuclear Physics: the nuclear atom (Rutherford’s model and the Bohr’s
modifications). Nuclear properties: nuclear structure and models, nuclear stability, nuclear moment, parity
and statistics. Forces between nucleons: deuteron, nucleon-nucleon and proton-proton scattering. Nuclear
reactions (scattering, collisions), conservation of physical quantities, Q-value determination, cross-sections,
the Breit-Wigner formula, excited states of nuclei, nuclear decays: Alpha, beta and gamma decay processes.
37
Theory of decays: quantum mechanical tunneling, the Gamow factor, X-rays following beta decay, the Femitheory of beta decay. Energetic of gamma decay: internal conversion, position annihilation, isomeric
transitions, branching ratios and lifetimes of excited states. Spontaneous fission, Fusion and accelerator.
Elementary particle physics. Peaceful uses of nuclear energy techniques in Research, Industry, Medicine,
Agriculture and the Environment.
PHY 826 Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (3 Units)
Radiation units and quantities. Environmental radiation, Environmental monitoring. Background and artificial
sources of exposure. Radiation exposure pathways (external and internal exposures). Review of biological
effects of radiation. Radiation risks (health effects). Principles of radiation protection, Legislation of radiation
protection, Radiation shielding and protection. Attenuation coefficients and half-value thickness. Waste
disposal and decontamination procedures. Principles of dosimetry. Dose conversion factors, Dose limits (for
radiation workers and members of the general public). Microdosimetry. Primary and secondary dosimeters.
Dose assessment techniques; Experimental, epidemiological and model calculations.
PHY 830 Statistical Mechanics (3 Units)
Statistical distribution functions, Canonical and grand canonical formalism, phase transition and fluctuations,
irreversible thermodynamics, Exact transport theory, Principle of equipartition of energy, Canonical and
microcanonical ensembles and their applications, statistical quantum physics, Ising model.
PHY 840 Physics of the Lower Atmosphere (3 Units)
Weather/meteorological parameters and their measurements, Atmospheric thermodynamics, geotropic wind
and atmospheric oscillation, atmospheric radiation, cloud Physics and atmospheric electricity, satellite
meteorology and remote sensing, Applications to West Africa.
PHY 842 Fluid Dynamics (3 Units)
Kinematics of fluid motion, Euler’s equations, Bernoulli equation, steady flow of a compressible fluid,
Irrotational motion for incompressible flow, gravity waves, waves in incompressible fluid, vortices, energy and
momentum relationships, Flow in pipes and open channels, viscous flow, experimental methods in fluid
dynamics.
PHY 844 Atmospheric Radiation (3 Units)
Fundamentals of radiation, absorption spectra of water vapour, carbon dioxide, ozone, and oxygen, solar ray
path in the atmosphere, Rayleigh and Mie scattering phenomena, direct, diffuse and global irradiance, energy
distribution in the solar spectrum outside the atmosphere and at the surface, solar time equation, temporal
and spatial variability of solar radiation, theory of thermal radiation in the atmosphere, radiation charts,
effects of infrared cooling, radiation balance and climate, Experimental techniques.
PHY 850 Planetary Atmospheres (3 Units)
Basic concepts of the Earth’s atmosphere; Atmospheric nomenclature, hydrostatic equations, scale height,
geo-potential height, chemical concepts of the atmosphere; thermodynamic considerations, elementary
chemical kinetics, composition and chemistry of middle atmosphere and thermosphere, thermal balance in the
thermosphere, modeling of neutral atmosphere. Dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere, Equation of motion of
neutral atmosphere, thermal wind equation, elements of planetary waves, internal gravity waves and
atmospheric tides, fundamental description of atmospheric dynamics and effects of dynamics on chemical
species. Solar radiation and its effect on atmosphere: Solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere,
attenuation of solar radiation in the atmosphere, radiative transfer, thermal effects of radiation,
photochemical effects of radiation. Atmosphere of planets and satellites: Inner and outer planets; atmospheric
structure and composition of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars, Venus and Saturn and their important satellites.
PHY 852 Ionospheric Physics (3 Units)
Introduction to ionosphere. Photochemical processes, Chapman’s theory of photoionization. Production of
ionospheric layers, Loss reactions and chemistry of ionospheric regions, morphology of the ionosphere.
Ionospheric propagation and measurement techniques, Effect of ionosphere on radio wave propagation;
refraction, dispersion and polarization, magneto-iossnic theory, critical frequency and virtual height, oblique
propagation and maximum usable frequency, ground-based techniques, ionosonde, radars scintillations and
Total Electron Content (TEC), photometers, imagers and interferometers, Ionospheric absorption, rocket- and
satellite-borne techniques, Langmuir probe, electric field probe, retarding potential analyzers, mass
spectrometers, magnetometers, vapour release, satellite drag for neutral density. Ionospheric plasma
38
dynamics: Basic fluid equations, steady state ionospheric plasma motions owing to applied forces, generation
of electric fields, electric field mapping, collision frequencies, electrical conductivity, plasma diffusion,
ionospheric dynamo, equatorial electro-jet, ionospheric modeling. Ionospheres of other planets and satellites.
Ionospheres of Mars, Venus and Jupiter.
PHY 854 Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena (3 Units)
Elements of solar physics: Structure and composition of the Sun, the Sun as a source of radiation, sunspots
and solar cycles, solar flares. Magnetic field of the Earth and other planets: Models for generation of
geomagnetic fields, secular variations of geomagnetic fields, local elements of geomagnetic fields,
determinations of geomagnetic coordinates of stations, Transients various of geomagnetic fields, diurnal
variation of geomagnetic fields, geomagnetic pulsations, magnetic fields of other planets. Equatorial anomaly.
Magnetosphere of the Earth and other planets, Solar wind and its characteristics, interplanetary magnetic field
and sector structure, formation of geomagnetic cavity, magnetopause, magnetosphere and bow shock, polar
cusp and magnetotail, plasma sphere and Van Allen radiation belts, magnetosphere of other planets.
Geomagnetic field modeling. Aurora and Airglow: Nightglow, day glow, twilight glow, aurora, applications of
airglow measurements for ionospheric dynamics and composition.
PHY 856 Space Weather (3 Units)
Elements of space weather: Geomagnetic storms, sub-storms and current systems. Coronal mass ejections,
modification of earth’s magnetosphere during magnetic disturbances and its implications, effect of magnetic
disturbance on high, mid and low latitudes. Measurement techniques for solar and geomagnetic parameters:
optical techniques for solar parameters, radio techniques for solar parameters. X-ray. Space Missions. Space
Weather Prediction: Modeling of Space Weather parameters.
PHY 858 Satellite Imagery (3 Units)
Overview of remote sensing technology; history and evolution. Electromagnetic radiation and its interaction
with matter. Spectral characteristics of crop/vegetation, soils, water etc. Remote sensing platforms, sensors
and ground systems. Satellite remote sensing: classification by orbit, application, advantage and
disadvantages, type of observation, orbital dynamics. Types of satellites. Overview of Earth observation
satellites. Overview of optical infrared (IR) remote sensing sun-synchronous satellites. Overview of polar
platforms and meteorological satellites; high-resolution satellites, radar satellites, other missions. Imaging
technology. Photogrammetry. GPS: concepts, techniques, systems and applications. GIS: concepts, principles
and applications, GIS models, GIS components, inputs to GIS; GIS database design and organization,
integration in GIS, querying in GIS, GIS outputs and visualization, accuracy of data in GIS, GIS integration
errors.
PHY 899 Master’s Thesis Research Project (12 Units)
Theoretical/Experimental project supervised by qualified lecturer(s) in the relevant field of interest in the
various options (b1-b7) leading to a certified thesis to be defended at the end of the programme.
(c) Ph.D.
PHY 999 Doctoral Research Project
The candidate is expected to undertake a research project of interest in any field of physics. The candidates is
expected to deliver three seminars on the proposal and on the research project undertaken
39
STAFF LIST
S/N
1.
Name
Prof. (Mrs.) I.A. Fuwape
Qualification
B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ibadan)
Status
Professor/HOD
Area of Specialization
Theoretical Physics
2.
3.
4.
5.
Prof. M.O. Ajewole
Dr. O.S. Ajayi
Dr. A.B. Rabiu **
Dr. O.M. Osiele
B.Sc., M.Sc., (Ilorin) Ph.D. (Akure)
B.Sc., M.Sc. (Ibadan) Ph.D. (Akure)
B.Sc. (Ilorin), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Nsukka)
B.Sc. (Ekpoma), M.Sc. (Nsukka) Ph.D.
(Akure)
Professor
Reader
Reader
Reader
Communication
Radiation and Health
Space Physics
Condensed Matter
6.
Dr. A.M. Arogunjo
B.Sc. (Ilorin), M.Sc. (Ib) Ph.D. Akure)
Reader
Radiation and Health
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Dr. B. Adeyemi
Dr. E.O. Ogolo
Dr. S.E. Falodun
Dr. S.S. Oluyamo
Mr. D.A. Adenugba
Dr. K.D. Adedayo
B.Sc(Ed.)., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)
B.Sc.(Ed.) (Ife), M.Sc., Ph.D (Ib)
B.Sc. (Benin), M.Tech, Ph.D(Akr)
B.Sc., M.Sc. (IB), PGDE (Ife), PhD (Ib)
B.Sc., M.Tech. (Akr), MBA (Ado)
B.Tech., M.Tech PhD (Akure)
Snr Lecturer
Snr Lecturer
Snr Lecturer
Snr Lecturer
Lecturer I
Lecturer I
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Mr. T. Ewetumo
Mr. A.I. Popoola*
Dr. J.S. Ojo
Dr. A.T. Adediji
Dr. O.R. Oladosu**
B.Tech., M.Tech. (Akure)
B.Tech., M.Tech (Akure)
B.Tech., M.Tech. PhD (Akure)
B.Sc (Ilorin), M.Tech, PhD (Akure)
B.Sc. (Ed) Makurdi, M.Sc., PhD (Ife)
Lecturer
Lecturer
Lecturer
Lecturer
Lecturer
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
B.Tech., M. Tech (Akure)
B.Sc. (Ado), M.Tech (Akure)
B.Tech (Akure); M.Sc. (Ibadan)
B.Sc. (Abraka), M.Tech (Akure)
B.Tech,(Akure) M.Sc.(Ibadan)
HND, PGD, M.Tech (Akure)
B.Tech (Akure)
B.Tech (Akure)
B.Tech (Akure)
Lecturer II
Lecturer II
Lecturer II
Asst Lecturer
Asst Lecturer
Asst Lecturer
Grad. Assistant
Grad. Assistant
Grad. Assistant
Lower Atmosphere
Lower Atmosphere
Communication
Condensed Matter
Lower Atmosphere
Instrumentation/
Communication
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
Communication
Communication
Lower
Atmosphere/Meteorology
Communication
Instrumentation
Radiation and Health
Instrumentation
Instrumentation
Radiation and Health
Communication
Communication
29.
30.
31.
32.
Final Diploma, ANIST, PGD (Akure)
Final Diploma, ANIST, PGD (Akure),
Fellow NIST
HND, PGD (Akure)
HND, PGD (Akure)
HND, PGD (Akure)
HND, PGD (Akure)
Chief Technologist
Asst. Chief
Technologist
Technologist I
Technologist I
Technologist I
Technologist II
Mr. A.S. Adekola*
Mr. A.O. Ajagunna*
Mrs. O.P. Faromika
Mr. A.V. Akpan
Mr. O.I. Olusola
Mr. S.B. Ibikunle
Mr. O.J. Ajayi
Mr. O.A. Layioye
Miss. M. I. Oloniyo
Technical Staff
27. Mr. H.I. Alamuoye
28. Mr. M.O. Olasoji
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Mrs. C.I. Joseph-Ojo
Mr. A.E. Ogunware
Mr. O.R. Bello
Mrs. O.M. FagbamiyeAkinwale
Miss M. O. Dada
HND, PGD (Akure)
Mr . O. O. Akinkuehin
HND, PGD (Akure)
Mr I. O. Akinsulire
HND (Akure)
Mr O. G. Olagbenro
HND
Miss C. O. Aliu
GCE O/L
Administrative Staff
Mrs J. O. Adeyemi
HND
I
I
I
I
I
Snr. Lab. Assistant
Snr. Lab. Assistant
Snr. Lab. Assistant
Lab. Assistant
Lab. Assistant III
Conf. Secretary I
* On Study Leave
** Leave of absence
40