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Theories of Cognition
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Activation Theory- Anderson
• Memories are encoded with associated stimuli in
the environment (visual, aural, kinesthetic,
olfactory). When presented with any of these
stimuli at a later time the associated memory is
recalled.
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Activation Theory- Anderson
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Hal Smith
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Hal Smith
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Any memories tied to this?
Control. Control. You must learn control.
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
this?
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Or this?
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
How about this?
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
sensorimotor
Genetic Epistemology:
Jean Piaget
0
Concrete
Operational
Pre-operational
3
8
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Formal
Operations
12
• sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), kinesthetic learning.
• preoperation period (3-7 years) is intuitive in nature.
• concrete operational stage (8-11 years) is logical but
depends upon concrete referents.
• formal operations (12-15 years), thinking involves
abstractions.
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Constructivist Theory:
Jerome Bruner
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
experiences each have meaning
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
You help them get MORE meaning
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Your understanding….their understanding
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Subsumption Theory:
David Ausubel
existing knowledge
new
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Levels of Processing
Craik and Lockhart
Deep
processing
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Try to remember these
• Paper and a pen
• 20 sec
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
846e3s52x49514fn793
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Wait…
Write down in order what you
remember.
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Try Again
This time look for 1 minute, and do
something with the data to try and
remember it in the right order.
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
362h8k39m16328cf314
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Wait…
Write down in order what you
remember.
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Recency
Write down all you remember from the
first and second set of data. Keep them
separate.
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Multiple Intelligence:
Howard Gardner
logical
spiritual
Interpersonal
Body kinesthetic
metacognitive
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Operant Conditioning:
B.F. Skinner
Behavior is
response
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College
Conditions of Learning:
Robert Gagne
(1) gain attention
(reception)
(2) state objective
(expectancy)
(3) recall prior learning
(retrieval)
(4) present stimulus
(selective perception)
(5) guide learning
(semantic encoding)
(6) elicit performance
(responding)
(7) give feedback
(reinforcement)
(8) assess performance
(retrieval)
(9) enhance retention/transfer (generalization).
Dr. Whitt
Education Dept Roanoke College