Download ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532

ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532
EXAM 1
Dr. O’Connor
NAME:___________________________
13 POINTS
1.
2.
DATE: February 11, 2010
Describe the assumptions underlying health education and promotion interventions (3
points).
Describe the main types of health-related behaviors (3 points).
3.
4.
Discuss how positive and negative reinforcement can influence health related behaviors,
and give an example of how each could be employed (4 points).
Define social marketing (3 points).
ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532
EXAM 1
Dr. Mahoney
NAME:___________________________
13 POINTS
DATE: February 11, 2010
5.
Describe the differences between screening and surveillance. Give an example of each. (2
points)
6.
What is the purpose, or rationale, behind screening? When is it most effective? (1 point)
7.
Define and give an example of overdiagnosis bias. (2 points)
8.
9.
True_____ False_____ About 50% of eligible women are up to date with their
mammogram screening. (1 point)
True_____
False_____ PSA is a prostate cancer specific test. (1 point)
10.
True_____ False_____ If a woman has had a total hysterectomy due to a benign
condition such as uterine fibroids, Pap screenings are unnecessary. (1 point)
11.
True_____ False_____ Prostate cancer screening should be continued if life
expectancy is less than 10 years. (1 point)
12.
Use the following information to help generate table values and calculate test values for
this disease. (4 points)




A total of 815 individuals have been tested for “studentitis,” a chronic, subacute
disease characterized by neuroticism, anxiety and sleeplessness before tests.
340 people have the disease.
495 people tested negative for the disease.
320 people tested positive for the disease, 30 of those who tested positive for the
disease did not actually have the disease.
Disease Status
+
Test
+
Test
-Please calculate:
Test sensitivity: __________________________
Test specificity:________________________
Positive Predictive value:_____________________
Negative Predictive value:_____________________
Disease Status
--
ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532
EXAM 1
Dr. Zhang
NAME:___________________________
13 POINTS
13.
DATE: February 11, 2010
What is cancer chemoprevention? List three examples of cancer-causing factors to be
avoided. (4 points)
14.
Tamoxifen and raloxifene are FDA-approved for prevention of breast cancer in high risk
women. Please describe in detail the chemopreventive mechanism? (3 points)
15.
Aromatase inhibitors may be used as an alternative strategy in breast cancer prevention.
Please describe how aromatase inhibitors work. Which group of women would benefit more
from this therapy and why? (3 points)
16.
In the lecture, two agents that have been shown to have chemopreventive activity in
clinical trials were described in detail. Choose one to discuss. Make sure to include the
target, the agent’s mechanism of action and also the disease involved. (3 points)
ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532
EXAM 1
Dr. Hahn
NAME:___________________________
12 POINTS
DATE: February 11, 2010
17.
True_____ False_____ Rare diseases are best studied using a Case-Control study
design. (1 point)
18.
True_____
point)
19.
True_____ False_____ Inclusion/exclusion criteria (with the exception of
case/control status) which are applied to Cases should also be applied to Controls in a casecontrol study. (1 point)
20.
True_____ False_____ It is more expensive and poses a higher risk of recall bias and
non-participation bias to recruit controls from a hospital instead of the community. (1 point)
21.
True_____
False_____ Rare diseases are best studied using a Cohort study design. (1
False_____ Bias can be controlled for statistically. (1 point)
22.
True_____ False_____ Complete follow-up on all cohort members reduces bias in
cohort studies. (1 point)
23.
True_____ False_____ Molecular Epidemiology incorporates the fields of molecular
biology/genetics, epidemiology, statistics, medicine and public health. (1 point)
24.
True_____
False_____ Any 2 people genetically differ by 10%. (1 point)
25.
True_____ False_____ Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are single base pair
changes that may result in an altered protein structure. (1 point)
26.
True_____ False_____ A Candidate Gene Study does not require any prior
knowledge of a polymorphism's effects, gene function or pathways. (1 point)
27.
True_____ False_____ Genetic studies which do not consider environmental
exposures may not detect true associations between genetic alterations and development of
disease. (1 point)
28.
True_____ False_____ Genetic studies require infrastructure and resources, such as
specialized equipment, biologic samples and a team of scientists. (1 point)
ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532
EXAM 1
Dr. Hong
NAME:___________________________
12 POINTS
DATE: February 11, 2010
29.
From 2002 to 2004 the actual number of cancer deaths in the United States dropped for
the first time since 1930, but increased again in 2005. Discuss why this occurred. (2 points)
30.
Discuss changes in prostate cancer incidence rates during the late 1980s to the early 1990s
and reasons for these changes. (2 points)
31.
Discuss and contrast trends in tobacco use and lung cancer mortality for men and women
since 1965 after the Surgeon General’s report was released. (4 points)
32.
Discuss trends and demographics related to levels of physical activity in adults and
children in the past ~15 years. (4 points)
ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532
EXAM 1
Dr. Podgorsak
NAME:___________________________
12 POINTS
33.
DATE: February 11, 2010
Explain the principles of the 4 R's of Radiobiology and how each one applies in radiation
therapy. Specifically describe how fractionation in radiation therapy takes advantage of the 4
R's. (4 points)
34.
Explain Tumor Control Probability (TCP) and Normal Tissue Complication Probability
(NTCP). Why are these concepts important in radiation therapy? (4 points)
35.
3. Describe the differences between brachytherapy and teletherapy in radiation therapy.
(4 points)
ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532
EXAM 1
Dr. Dy
NAME:___________________________
12 POINTS
DATE: February 11, 2010
Match the following questions to the appropriate letter choice
Excluding in situ, squamous cell and basal cell skin cancer, what is the most common:
36.
Diagnosed cancer in men? ____________ (1 point)
37.
Diagnosed cancer in women? ___________ (1 point)
38.
Cause of cancer death in men? __________ (1 point)
39.
Cause of cancer death in women? __________ (1 point)
Choices
a) Breast Cancer
b) Colorectal Cancer
c) Lung Cancer
d) Prostate Cancer
37.
True_____ False_____ Disparity in cancer incidence is seen among the African
American population compared to Caucasian Americans but cancer death rates are similar. (1
point)
38.
True_____ False_____ African American women have worse cancer death rates
compared to Caucasian American men. (1 point)
39.
True_____ False_____ Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of death,
particularly from lung cancer. (1 point)
40.
True_____ False_____ Pregnant women and patients with organ dysfunction are
often excluded from participation in cancer clinical trials. (1 point)
Match the following descriptions with the appropriate letter choice
41.
Post-marketing surveillance of drug X ____________ (1 point)
42.
Single-arm study evaluating the effectiveness of drug X (known dose and schedule) in
combination with chemotherapy for patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer
____________ (1 point)
43.
Randomized study evaluating the effectiveness of drug X (known dose and schedule) in
combination with chemotherapy vs. placebo in combination with chemotherapy for patients
with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer intended to establish new standard of care
____________ (1 point)
44.
Single-arm study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of drug X in combination with
chemotherapy for patients with advanced solid tumors ____________ (1 point)
a)
b)
c)
d)
Phase I trial
Phase II trial
Phase III trial
Phase IV trial
ONCOLOGY FOR SCIENTISTS RPN 532
EXAM 1
Dr. Seshadri
NAME:___________________________
13 POINTS
45.
DATE: February 11, 2010
Two patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas undergo diagnostic dynamic
contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) examinations. Tumor in patient A shows marked
enhancement in T1 contrast with high Ve and Ktrans values. Patient B’s tumor shows minimal
T1 enhancement after contrast. (4 points)
(a) What does this information tell you about the biology of tumors? Hint: Think in terms
of tumor angiogenesis and tissue viability.
(b) If you had an anticancer drug that was specifically targeted towards the
vasculature, in which patient (tumor) would you predict a favorable response and why?
46.
Name two characteristics (one anatomic and one functional) of tumors that can be
measured using imaging techniques. (1 point)
47.
Image contrast in PET is influenced by tracer (radionuclide) concentration in tissues.
Name one factor that influences image contrast in MRI and CT. (2 points)
48.
Which component in the photodynamic triad is NOT under the control of the experimenter
or clinician? (1 point)
49.
The biological response to PDT is complex and dependent on several treatment related
parameters. Name any two of these parameters. (2 points) Hint: Think in terms of
photophysics and photochemistry.
50.
Name one advantage and one limitation of PDT. Suggest an alternative approach to
overcome the limitation. (3 points)