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Transcript
Theatre Arts History, Trivia and Stuff If you are told that you are “upstaging” another actor, what does that exactly mean? A) You are standing to “upstage” and the other actor closer to the audience. B) You are standing to “downstage” and you are closer to the audience. C) You are showing off and trying to take the attention away from the other actor. If you are told that you are “upstaging” another actor, what does that exactly mean? A) You are standing to “upstage” and the other actor closer to the audience. B) You are standing to “downstage” and you are closer to the audience. C) You are showing off and trying to take the attention away from the other actor. What defines an Arena stage? The audience is on all sides. Also, called “Theatre in the Round” What defines a proscenium stage? Proscenium Stage… • • • • Audience on one side only Most common type of stage Has a Grand Drape (Main Curtain) Has an Apron (Area in Front of Grand Drape • Has Wings (Sides of Stage) • Has Proscenium Arch (Makes it look like a shadowbox) Proscenium Stage What defines a Thrust Stage? A Stage that thrusts into the audience. If it isn’t a Proscenium or Arena then it’s a Thrust Fresnal Light Emits a soft light. Basically, it spills a soft light across the area. Used for a diffused light area. Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight Used for a more direct and focused light. It isn’t a technical “spotlight” because it doesn’t move. It is used to light specific lighting areas. We use these lights in the Keel. And, most theaters use them for area lighting. Mainly because it is more focused and bright. Follow Spot Self Explainarory Lighting Gels Plastic film that you put on the light to add any colors. Welcome to the World of Theatre History Egypt and First Recorded Play Abydos Passion Play 2900 B.C. Staged each Spring while boating To Celebrate Osiris (Wheat God) Theatre Classicalism This is just a fancy word for… GREEK and ROMAN Theatre Greek Theatre Greeks had huge festivals honoring the God of Theatre (also, wine and fertility). They put on days of plays to honor the God. Dionysis First know person to step out of the chorus and speak alone “First Actor” Was Thespis –Thus actors are Thespians Greek Theaters The theaters were built on hillsides to give the audience the best view. The actual stage was tilted up to the back, so the audience could see the chorus in the back….and so rain water would run off the stage. There was no cover from the weather. And, shows could not be done at night because there was no lighting. The chorus wore masks so the audience could see their faces better AND the masks had megaphones in them so the audience could hear. Stage Directions came from THE GREEKS! All the directions are from the Actors point of view facing the audience. Historically, the back of the stage is higher so you would walk UPSTAGE. The front was lower so you would walk DOWNSTAGE. Learn these 9 acting areas! Remember, it is from the actors view so it looks backwards. The Stage Directions are different for an ARENA stage You would either use Map Directions or Clock positions. You would set a “North” or a “12:00” and work from their. East NE Example South North West If you used an even mixture of red, blue, and green gels on all of your lighting instruments, what type of light would you have on the stage? A) A spotty colored stage with primary colors that creates dramatic shadows B) An rich Amber light that make the actors skin have a rich-golden glow. C) All the mixtures will delete each other out and you will just have a bright white light. If you used an even mixture of red, blue, and green gels on all of your lighting instruments, what type of light would you have on the stage? A) A spotty colored stage with primary colors that creates dramatic shadows B) An rich Amber light that make the actors skin have a rich-golden glow. C) All the mixtures will delete each other out and you will just have a bright white light. Aristotle’s (The Philosopher) Unities of Tragedy Requirements • Unity of Time: Story takes place in 24hrs. • Unity of Place: Only ONE location. • Unity of Action: ONE Plot & No Comedy Aristotle’s Other Requirements • The Tragic Hero (Protagonist) Must – Be of Nobility – Have a Tragic Flaw (Such as Pride – Hubris) – Audience must undergo a Catharsis • Experience pity and fear by the end. Aeschylus (Plays) Agamemnon Promethius Bound Sophocles (Plays) Oedipus Rex (Falls in Love with Mother) Antigone Euripides (Plays) Medea (Kills Kids) Electra Andromeda Aristophanes (Plays) The Clouds The Birds The Frogs Lysistrata If you wanted to light up a specific, single area on the stage, which type of lighting instrument would you use? A) A Fresnal Light B) An Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlilght C) A Follow Spotlight If you wanted to light up a specific, single area on the stage, which type of lighting instrument would you use? A) A Fresnal Light B) An Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlilght C) A Follow Spotlight If you want to make natural looking light on stage, which gel combination would be the best? A) Warm colored (pinkish) gels on the lights facing one direction and cool colored (bluish) gels on the lights from the opposite direction. B) Use Warm gels (golden) mixed in with Neutral gels (pale whites/creams). C) Use Red, Blue and Green Gels together to create a natural white light on the actors. If you want to make natural looking light on stage, which gel combination would be the best? A) Warm colored (pinkish) gels on the lights facing one direction and cool colored (bluish) gels on the lights from the opposite direction. B) Use Warm gels (golden) mixed in with Neutral gels (pale whites/creams). C) Use Red, Blue and Green Gels together to create a natural white light on the actors. Roman Theatre They just copied the Greeks. They did the same plays with mostly the same names. They just changed some of the names of the Gods. Medieval Period After Romans, Theatre was banned by the church. It was EVIL. Death to Sinners (also known as Actors) This ban against Theatre lasted 100’s of years. Medieval Theatre The Church banned Theatre for a long while. Then they allowed religious plays at the end of the Medieval Period….but only Religious plays that glorified the Lord and Jesus. They Allowed: - Passion Plays (Crucifixtion of Jesus) - Morality Plays (About going to Hell) - Such as (Everyman) Beginning of the Renaissance The Italians began to perform Theatre is wagons that traveled from town to town. They performed for tips and donations. They were very poor and still considered “bad, immoral people. And, actually they were pretty anti-society. Who else would choose such a controversial profession. Since their were no written plays (except Religious ones) they made plays up as the went along. This is the start of… Improvisation Beginning of the Renaissance Soon, it wasn’t only Italians…but mainly Italians. This style of improvisational Theatre became known as: Commedia Del Arte They always had the same stock “same” characters. Most notably “Harlequin” who was the funny, trouble-making slave…he was the star. He always had triangle like shapes on his costume. Some of the other characters were: The Lovers (played by guys) And The Zannies (stupid comic relief…peasants The wore masks so the characters always looked the same. Renaissance Theatre Also known as Elizabethan Theatre (she loved plays) Finally, people started to want Theatre more and Playwrights emerged. - Most known for - - Shakespeare Also, his antagonist Christopher Marlow. Shakespeare stole a lot of his stuff! As before it, no women were allowed! People looked forward to a play like people today look forward to movies. There was nothing else to do! Shakespeare Notable Plays: Romeo and Juliet Midsummer’s Night Dream Macbeth Hamlet The Taming of the Shrew Love’s Labors Lost As You Like It The Tempest The Gentleman of Verona Christopher Marlow Shakespeare’s Enemy and Rival…oooh! Doctor Faustus (about the devil tempting a man to sell his soul and he does! …copied a lot today today, and I mean a lot. That’s why it’s so known and popular. What 20th Century Musical was inspired by Marlow’s Doctor Faustus? A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Cole Porter’s Anything Goes Wicked The King & I Damn Yankees Irving Berlin’s Annie Get Your Gun Rent Sondheim’s Sweeny Todd What 20th Century Musical was inspired by Marlow’s Doctor Faustus? A) B) C) D) E) F) G) Cole Porter’s Anything Goes Wicked The King & I Damn Yankees Irving Berlin’s Annie Get Your Gun Rent Sondheim’s Sweeny Todd Renaissance Notable Costume features • The Ruff – The Neck • Pantaloons – The Pants Ooh La La! th 17 Century Theatre Neo-Classicalism aka Restoration Women Appear on Stage!!! And France leads the revolutionary Concept! But, it takes off everywhere! Bawdy and controversial Theatre is back! th 17 Century Theatre • Opera was born • Theaters were huge and elaborate (We base our Theatres off them today. Mainly the Proscenium stage! Think of Bass Hall. • Only the Rich could afford to Attend. • Known as the Period of Neo-Classicalism and Restoration because the adored the Greek and Roman Theatre. They performed it more than anything. th 17 Century Theatre Restoration This is the first time they used stage lighting. They used candles with foil or mirrors to reflect the light. There were lots of fires! th 17 Century Theatre The most famous Playwright and Actor from this time was Moléire He only wrote comedies. He died on stage with a massive heart attack and the audience thought it was part of the performance. He got a standing Ovation! th 17 Century Theatre FARCE Moliére created the Farce style of Comedy which is still hugely popular. It is a crazy, fast-paced comedy…and if think about it too hard, it doesn’t make any sense. Examples of modern day Farce Include: Rumors by Neil Simon and Noises Off. (Sardines!) th 17 Century Theatre Moliére’s Plays (Most Notable) The Miser (About a Greedy Man) The Imaginary Invalid (A Man Faking Sick) Tartuffe (Man taking advantage of women with his suave skills The School for Wives (About Sexism) th 17 Century - Costumes • Men started to wear wigs and heels. • Women wore corsetts. • It was still conservative and not too crazy. • Think George Washington! • Restoration Theatre 18th Century Theatre Romanticism • Basically the same as the 17th Century, but Opera became more popular. • People went to the Theatre to be “seen”. • The Rich were extremely vain and arrogant. 18th Century Theatre Romanticism • The costumes are the most famous part of this period. • Dress represented their vanity • The men were more vain than the women • Women showed lots of Cleavage… Had ribs removed! • A man’s calves were a sign of “manlyness”…Some actually had plastic surgery to make their calves bigger! Nothing was happening in America during this time. We were too busy with Independence and building our new government And, we were too conservative for Theatre On the other side of the world… During all of the Western World’s periods of Theatre, the Eastern World was doing their own thing. But only really known for two styles of Theatre. Kabuki and Noh (Nō) Eastern Theatre (Japanese) During all the developments of Western Theatre, the Asians created their own style (which is just as old…or older). It Was Called: Noh ( “No” ) Noh Theatre • Basically, it is very primitive and stylized. • They wore masks • It always centered around ONE character Called Shite Kabuki Created later than Noh. Very Aggressive No Masks Had 3 Qualities Song Dance Skill What is the purpose of a costume parade? A) To see all the actors in costume on stage together for the first time and a way to help the actors develop their characters. B) To see all the actors in costume one at a time to see if the lights affect or change the colors and any styling mistakes. C) Used before a performance to get the actors into the mood and atmosphere of the play. What is the purpose of a costume parade? A) To see all the actors in costume on stage together for the first time and a way to help the actors develop their characters. B) To see all the actors in costume one at a time to see if the lights affect or change the colors and any styling mistakes. C) Used before a performance to get the actors into the mood and atmosphere of the play. Now the Russians take control… And it is very depressing and bleak even though it is the first “Realism”. Well, based on their country, maybe the dark and depressing stuff was REAL. Realism (This is what Inspired Modern Drama today) A Theatre Movement representing the general Society. Always about Social or Political Events Realism was about “Real” and Dramatic Themes. Realism • Anton Chekhov Plays – The Seagull – Three Sisters – The Cherry Orchard This is the start of Modern Drama. Theatre that is Realistic and Represents True Life. (sorta… I guess the horrible and depressing parts). Realism Stanislavsky Presents The Actor, Director and Theorist Realism’s Stanislavsky He developed the most famous acting methods ever known. We still use the methods today. Created the Ideas of: What is your Motivation? And Emotional Recall (Remember a time when…) And Sense Memory (Recall the feelings, tastes, touch, smell, sights, etc.) Realism From Norway Henrik Ibsen: A Doll’s House (About a Woman with an Abusive Husband) Ghosts (Part 2: About the Effects on Her Family) Realism American Most Famous Authors: (That you REALLY need to know.) Arthur Miller (Married Marilyn Monroe) Tennessee Williams Eugene O’Neill Arthur Miller Married Marilyn Works: All My Sons Death of a Salesman The Crucible Tennessee Williams Works: A Street Car Named Desire The Glass Menagerie Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Eugene O’Neill Works: Long Days Journey Into Night The Hairy Ape (Expressionism) Beth Henley (Woman Playwright…went to SMU) Wrote: Crimes of the Heart The Miss Firecracker Contest Neil Simon Wrote: Rumors The Odd Couple Lost in Yonkers Brighton Beach Memoirs Comedy Writer! and in Europe in the early 1900’s… They developed Comedy of Manners Comedy Theatre about the Rich or Wannabe Rich Very Stiff and Proper Example: The Importance of Being Earnest Influences Today’s: Keeping Up Appearances Then came these modern styles that we do today… Mostly really Weird and Strange. • Naturalism • Expressionism • Surrealism • Absurdism • And More Cirque Du Soleil Called the Period of “isms”…up to today! Is Surrealism Which of the following would be the best way to warm the actors up before a performance? A) Play music that is in the mood of the play and let the actors play a game meant to develop trust, characterization and ensemble. B) Give a talk to the actors encouraging them (pep talk) then, have the actors share their feelings and emotions in a safe group environment. C) Do physical and vocal exercises to get the energy flowing and warming up the body and voice. Which of the following would be the best way to warm the actors up before a performance? A) Play music that is in the mood of the play and let the actors play a game meant to develop trust, characterization and ensemble. B) Give a talk to the actors encouraging them (pep talk) then, have the actors share their feelings and emotions in a safe group environment. C) Do physical and vocal exercises to get the energy flowing and warming up the body and voice. (The other answers can be incorporated too. They are good to build team spirit.) absurdism Samuel Beckett is the best known Author Known for: Waiting for Godot and Endgame the world of musicals… Introducing Broadway Broadway Before American Musicals…there was Vaudeville Started Broadway Skits, Songs, Dance, Variety Acts, Comedians, and Musicians. Mom and Pop Theatre Introduced Showgirls Slapstick (3 Stooges) Extremely Popular Broadway Beginnings of the Musicals Gilbert and Sullivan HMS Pentafor (I’m Called Little Buttercup) The Pirates of Penzance Victor Herbert Babes in Toyland Little Johnny Jones (Give My Regards to Broadway & I’m a Yankee Doodle Dandy) Broadway The Golden Age: Part I (1900-1930) George and Ira Gershwin - Funny Face - Girl Crazy Cole Porter - Anything Goes Broadway The Golden Age: Part II (1930-1950) Most Notable: Rodgers & Hammerstein - Oklahoma - Carousel - South Pacific - The King and I - The Sound of Music - Flower Drum Song What is the first musical in history to have all the music written exclusively for it? A) West Side Story B) My Fair Lady C) Oklahoma What is the first musical in history to have all the music written exclusively for it? A) West Side Story B) My Fair Lady C) Oklahoma What was the first musical to be considered a drama? Before they were all happy, happy, musical comedies. A) B) C) D) E) Oklahoma Fiddler on the Roof West Side Story Damn Yankees The King & I What was the first musical to be considered a drama? Before they were all happy, happy, musical comedies. A) B) C) D) E) Oklahoma Fiddler on the Roof West Side Story Damn Yankees The King & I Based on Romeo and Juliet Broadway American Contemporary Musicals (1950 to Now) Most Notable Early Contemporary Composer Stephen Sondheim Broadway American Contemporary Musicals (1950 to Now) Most Famous Sondheim Musicals: West Side Story Company Sweeny Todd Into the Woods Broadway American Contemporary Musicals (1950 to Now) More Notable Modern American Musicals: Little Shop of Horrors Mel Brooks’ The Producers Jonathon Larsen’s Rent Disney’s The Lion King Disney’s Beauty and the Beast Hair Godspell Wicked Hairspray Elton John’s Aida Which play is most like the play Oedipus Rex? A) B) C) D) E) Hamlett Doctor Faustus A Doll’s House Medea The Cherry Orchard Which play is most like the play Oedipus Rex? A) Hamlett B) Doctor Faustus C) A Doll’s House D) Medea E) The Cherry Orchard They are both Greek Plays Meanwhile, in Europe at the same time… The West End The European version of Broadway The West End The West End Andrew Lloyd Webber Cats Phantom of the Opera Jesus Christ Superstar Joseph…Technicolor… Evita Sunset Boulevard The West End Boublil & Schonberg (French) Les Miserables Miss Saigon Martin Guerre What is considered the first Rock Opera in history? A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) Tommy Joseph and the Amazing… Hair Godspell Jesus Christ Superstar La Boheme Evita Anything Goes What is considered the first Rock Opera in history? A) B) C) D) E) F) G) H) Tommy Joseph and the Amazing… Hair Godspell Jesus Christ Superstar La Boheme Evita Anything Goes Historical Timeline In Order: Classicalism (Greeks & Romans) Medieval Renaissance 17th Century (1600’s) – Restoration/Neo-Classicalism 18th Century (1700’s) – Romantic 19th Century (1800’s to Now) – Realism 19th Century to Now – The “isms” Early 20th Century (1880-1930) – Vaudville Early 20th Century (1906-1930) – Golden Age of Musicals 1 Mid 20th Century (1930-1950) – Golden Age of Musicals 2 1950 to Now – Contemporary Musicals Other: Western Theatre - Japanese Kabuki and Noh (Ancient to Now) The End