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TRADE BETWEEN AND AMONG THE
CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS
Extended
range of
trade
Combination of small
regional trade
China government
support
Second Century B.C.E.
WOOLS, GOLD, SILVER, RELIGION
Population decreased
economy
Epidemic
SILK
spread
WESTERN
ASIA
HAN dynasty
CENTRAL
Culture
exchange
and
accommod
ation
Religions
Technological
innovations
INDIA IN THE SILK ROAD
Their role in Silk road
Their most
important exportation was the greatest Culture :
BackgroundReligion which is Buddhism and Hinduism
 Decline of Mauryan dynasty
 Absence of imperial state
Buddhist merchants observed their faith among
 Kushian
empire itand
other state
themselves
and explained
to others.
stablized society.
Nation

China
Western part, include Rome
Indians
were major
traders.
From OasisNorthern
communities,
Buddhism
spread
Exportation
Spices: Pepper, sesame oil
Exotic: pearls, corals, ivory, cotton textiles
Buddhism spread north and southeast from India while
cloves, nutmeg
Glassware, jewelry, artwork,
Importationspread Spices:
Hinduism
to southeast
Asia
Silk, perfumes, magical
potion, drugs
perfumes, pottery, iron
goods
JI YOON PARK “MEDITTERANEAN REGION”
*Mediterranean region: Greece, Roman Empire, Italy
*Trade commodities: silk, spices, ginger, cinnamon, pepper,
sesame oil, glassware, jewelry, works of art, pottery, olive
oil, wine, iron tools, uncut gemstones
*Interacting countries: China, southeast Asia, India, Arabia
Italy: salt, olive oil, wine, wool
fabrics, leather products, and
glass for luxury goods
*Wants: High-quality silk and fine spices
*Who: merchants(social) Roman subjects such as Greeks,
Jews, and Armenians (ethnical)
*Trade Conduction: State visits, long-distance travel,
overland camel trade
CHINESE TRADE BY SILK ROAD
WHAT
DID
PEOPLE
INROMAN
CHINA
TRADE
THROUGH
SILK
CENTRAL
WHAT
HOW
AND
WAS
DID
SPICES
ASIA/
THEY
THETRADING?
ROMAN
TRADE
TRADE
CONDUCTED?
WITH
EMPIRE/
OTHER
MEDITERREAN
PLACES? SILK
ZHANG
QIAN/
GANG
YING/
MERCHANTS/
WHO
DID
THEY
THE
WITH?
GUNANGZHOU
TO
EMPIRE
AND
ROAD?
NOMADS/INDIVIDUALS
CHANG’ AN TO INDIA
Silk Road
Maritime
Q2) WhatQ1)
roles
did nomads
play in the Silk Route trade?
What
are nomads?
“…
in the oasis
townsfrom
along
silk roads
– notably,
Merv,
Bukhara,
“Nomadic
peoples
thethe
steppes
visited
the oases
regularly
to trade
Samarkand,
kashgar,
Khotan,
Kuqa,
Turqan,
Dunhuang…”
Nomads
areBuddhism
people
who:
back
andand
forth
between
the(Traditions
same
forest
animal
products
from
their“moved
herds
from
grains
and
manufactured
items…
1.
Spread
around
the Silk
Road
and
295)
and
grazing
areas
yearC.after
year.”sponsored
(Stearns, the
14) spread of Buddhism
By Encounters,
the
fourth
century
E., they
throughout
of centraltrade
Asia.” (Traditions and Encounters, 295)
2.
Encouragemuch
long-distance
During the silk road era, nomads in Europe – Asia followed the oases
routes
3.
Destroyedalso
or created
civilizations
“ Nomands
facilitated
long-distance trade , including the traffic along
the Silk Road from western China to the Middle East … sometimes the
4.
Spreadcaptured
social &of
economical
nomads
destroyed systems
empires and civilizations and created their
own successor states … they usually had to adopt the institutions, social
arrangements, and economic practices of the settled peoples” (Stearns,
199)
Yung Sakong
NOMADS
THE
SILK ROAD AND THE RELATED
DUNHUANG
TRADE ROUTES
MAP OF PRINCIPAL BELIEF SYSTEMS
ALONG THE SILK ROAD
-
Silk Road: Trade Route between
western China through central
central Asia to the Middle East
and Mediterranean
Buddhism
Popular Religion
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
Adapting to the region and
becoming a part of local religion
or Remaining isolated within
One of the biggest oasis cities
foreign
communities
Center of Buddhism as well
A formative and transformative
rite of passage
RELIGIONS ALONG THE SILK ROAD
DISEASES ON SILK ROADS-YI YOUNG CHOI






1. Because trading meant interaction with others, most diseases
were epidemic disesmallpox, measles, and epidemics of bubonic
plagueases. Such as,
2. Rome(reign of Augusts): one quarter of population died
China(400~600CE): By 400CE, 10million people died compared to
200CE. By 600CE, 5million people died compared to 400CE.
Persian and India both were affected by epidemics, but relatively
have unclear evidence.
Black Death which originated from China, spread to Europe during
the trade. Due to flea in the mice, it spread rapidly, killing one third
of the population
3. It basically hindered the trade. Since the population of the region
decreased, there was no one to trade with. Furthermore, in Black
Death’s case, their has been an increase in the way peasants and
urban workers were treated
ALONG THE TRADE ROUTES
Maritime trade routes:
Thein
things
that were
traded along the routes:
-Mostly
Eastern
Hemisphere…
- Southeast Asia : spices, ginger
-From southern China to the east and southeast:
-Han (China) : Silk, lacquer ware
sea lane through the South China Sea
-Roman: gold, silver, wine, olive oil, glassware,
-Busy in the routes that
linked southeast Asia
perfumes
withpepper,
Ceylonsesame
and India
-India:
oil, cotton textiles, pearls, coral,
-From India to Persia and
ivoryArabia: sea lanes
Asia: jades,
strong horses
through-Central
the Arabian
Sea ->provided
important
links
