Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Pectoral Region Osteological landmarks Scapula Coracoid process Glenoid fossa Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle Humerus Head Anatomical neck Surgical neck Radial groove Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Medial lip Lateral lip Shaft Deltoid tuberosity Clavicle Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid process Rib Nerves & Vessels Thoracoacromial a. Medial pectoral n. Pectoralis major m Pectoralis minor m Lateral pectoral n. Pecotralis major m Long thoracic n. Serratus anterior m Lateral thoracic a./v. Cephalic v. Basilic v. Muscles Deltoid O: Spine of Scapula, Acromion, and lateral third of clavicle I: Deltoid Tuberosity of humerus A: flexion and medial rotation, abduction, extension and lateral rotation N: Axillary nerve Subclavius O: 1st rib and costal cartilage I: interior surface of mid clavicle A: anchor and depress clavicle. Protect SC joint N: subclavian nerve Pectoralis major O: medial clavicle (clavicular head), anterior sternum (sternocostal head), and costal cartilages (sternocostal head) I: Intertubercular groove of humerus A: Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus N: medial and lateral pectoral nerve Pectoralis minor O: Ribs 3-5 I: Coracoid Process A: stabilize scapula and elevate ribs N: medial pectoral nerve Serratus anterior O: Ribs 1-8 I: Anterior medial border of scapula A: holds scapula against body wall, protraction and upward rotation of scapula N: Long thoracic nerve Miscellaneous Clavipectoral fascia Axilla Muscles Pectoralis major O: medial clavicle (clavicular head), anterior sternum (sternocostal head), and costal cartilages (sternocostal head) I: Intertubercular groove of humerus A: Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation of humerus N: medial and lateral pectoral nerve Pectoralis minor O: Ribs 3-5 I: Coracoid Process A: stabilize scapula and elevate ribs N: medial pectoral nerve Deltoid O: Spine of Scapula, Acromion, and lateral third of clavicle I: Deltoid Tuberosity of humerus A: flexion and medial rotation, abduction, extension and lateral rotation N: Axillary nerve Serratus anterior O: Ribs 1-8 I: Anterior medial border of scapula A: holds scapula against body wall, protraction and upward rotation of scapula N: Long thoracic nerve Latissimus dorsi O: T7-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, dorsal sacrum, iliac crest I: Floor intertubercular groove A: Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus N: Thoracodorsal nerve Teres major O: Posterior surface inferior angle of scapula I: Medial lip intertubercular groove A: Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus N: Lower subscapular nerve Subscapularis O: Subscapular fossa I: Lesser tubercle of humerus A: Medially rotates humerus N: Upper and lower subscapular nerves Vessels Axillary a./v. Thoracoacromial a. Lateral thoracic a./v. Subscapular a./v. Circumflex scapular a./v. Thoracodorsal a./v. Posterior circumflex humeral a./v. Anterior circumflex humeral a./v. Brachial a./v.c. Deep brachial a./v. Cephalic v. Basilic v. Miscellaneous Clavipectoral fascia Brachial Plexus Roots (C5-T1) Trunks (Upper, Middle, Lower) Divisions (anterior and posterior 3X) Cords (Medial, Lateral, Posterior) Branches (see below) “Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer” Medial cord (4MU) Medial pectoral n. Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Medial brachial cutaneous n. Medial antebrachial cutaneous n. Medial root of median n. Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Ulnar n. Flexor carpi ulnaris Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi Adductor pollicis (oblique and transverse) Palmar interosseous Dorsal interosseous Lateral cord (2LM) Lateral pectoral n. Pectoralis Minor Lateral root of median n. Same as Median root of Median nerve Musculocutaneous n. Biceps Brachii (long and short) Coracobrachialis Brachialis Posterior cord (STARS) Upper Subscapular n. Subscapularis Thoracodorsal n. Lattisimus Dorsi Axillary n. Deltoid Teres minor Radial n. Brachioradialis Anconeus Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (deep branch) extensor digitorum (deep branch) extensor digiti minimi (deep branch) extensor carpi ulnaris (deep branch) supinator (deep branch) abductor pollicis longus (deep branch) extensor pollicis brevis (deep branch) extensor pollicis longus (deep branch) extensor indicis Lower Subscapular n. Supscapularis Teres Major Brachium Osteological Landmarks Humerus Head Anatomical neck Surgical neck Radial groove Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Medial lip Lateral lip Shaft Deltoid tuberosity Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Medial supracondylar ridge Lateral supracondylar ridge Trochlea Capitulum Olecranon fossa Radius Head Neck Radial (bicipital) tuberosity Interosseous border Ulnar notch Styloid process Anterior Compartment of Arm Muscles Biceps brachii Long head O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula I: radial tuberosity A: elbow flexion, supination abduction and internal rotation of humerus N: musculocutaneous Biceps brachii Short head O: coracoid process I: radial tuberosity A: same as long head N: musculocutaneous Coracobrachialis O: coracoid process I: medial third of humerus A: fexion, adduction N: musculocutaneous Pronator teres O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna I: middle lateral radius A: pronation, flexion N: median nerve Brachialis O: distal anterior humerus I: ulnar tuberosity A: elbow flexion N: musculocutaneous Nerves Medial brachial cutaneous n. Medial antebrachial cutaneous n. Ulnar n. Median n. Musculocutaneous n. Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. Vessels Brachial a./v.c. Deep brachial a./v. Posterior Compartment of Arm Muscles Triceps brachii Medial head O: posterior shaft of humerus I: posterior surface of the olecranon process of ulna, deep fascia of antebrachium A: extends forearm at elbow N: radial nerve Triceps brachii Lateral head O: upper half of the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus I: same as medial head A: extends forearm at elbow N: radial nerve Triceps brachii Long head O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula I: same as medial and lateral A: adducts arm, extends shoulder, and elbow flexion N: radial nerve Anconeus m. O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: olecranon of ulna A: elbow extension N: radial nerve Nerves Radial n. Vessels Deep brachial a./v.c. Cubital Fossa Cephalic v. Basilic v. Median cubital v. Tendon of biceps brachii Bicipital aponeurosis Brachial a./v.c. Median n. Other Structures Brachial fascia Brachioradialis m. O: proximal 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge I: lateral distal radius A: flexion N: radial nerve Cubital Fossa and Forearm Osteological Landmarks Humerus Lateral epicondyle Radius Head Neck Radial (bicipital) tuberosity Interosseous border Ulnar notch Styloid process Ulna Olecranon process Radial notch Trochlear notch Coronoid process Ulnar tuberosity Interosseous border Posterior border Head Styloid process Carpal Bones Scaphoid Tubercle Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Tubercle Trapezoid Capitate Head Hamate Hook Anterior Compartment of Forearm Muscles Pronator teres O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna I: middle lateral radius A: pronation, flexion N: median nerve Flexor carpi radialis O: medial epicondyle of humerus I: base of 2nd metacarpal A: flexion, abduction Palmaris longus O: medial epicondyle I: flexor retinaculum palmar aponeurosis A: flexion N: median nerve Flexor carpi ulnaris O: medial epicondyle, olecranon I: pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal A: flexion, adduction N: ulnar nerve Flexor digitorum superficialis O: medial epicondyle humerus, UCL, coronoid process ulna I: body of middle phalanges 2-5 A: flexion N: median Flexor digitorum profundus O: proximal medial ulna, interosseus membrane I: base of distal phalanx 2-5 A: flexion N: medial part- ulnar nerve. Lateral part- median nerve Flexor pollicis longus O: anterior radius, interosseus membrane I: base distal phalanx thumb A: flexion N: median nerve Pronator quadratus O: distal anterior ulna I: distal anterior radius A: pronation N: median nerve Nerves Median n. Anterior interosseous n. Ulnar n. Medial antebrachial cutaneous n. Lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. Vessels Brachial a./v.c. Radial a./v.c. Ulnar a./v.c. Common interosseous a./v. Anterior interosseous a./v. Other Structures Antebrachial fascia Flexor retinaculum Extensor retinaculum Tendon of biceps brachii Bicipital aponeurosis Interosseous membrane Posterior Compartment of Forearm Muscles Anconeus m. O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: olecranon of ulna A: elbow extension N: radial nerve Brachioradialis O: proximal lateral supracondylar ridge I: lateral distal radius A: flexion N: radial nerve Extensor carpi radialis longus O: lateral supracondylar ridge I: base of 2nd metacarpal A: extension, abduction N: radial nerve Extensor carpi radialis brevis O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: base of 3rd metacarpal A: extension, abduction N: radial nerve Extensor digitorum O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: extensor expansion of medial 4 digits A: extension N: deep branch radial nerve Intertendinous connection Extensor expansion Extensor digiti minimi O: lateral epicondyle of hemerus I: extensor expansion of 5th digit A: extention N: deep branch radial nerve Extensor carpi ulnaris O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna I: base of 5th metacarpal A: extension, adduction N: deep branch radial nerve Supinator O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, RCL, supinator fossa, crest of ulna I: proximal lateral posterior radius A: supination N: deep branch radial nerve Abductor pollicis longus O: posterior ulna, radius, interosseous membrane I: base of 1st metacarpal A: abduction, extension N: deep branch radial nerve Extensor pollicis brevis O: posterior radius, interosseous membrane I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb A: extension N: deep branch radial nerve Extensor pollicis longus O: posterior middle 1/3 of ulna, interosseous membrane I: base of distal phalanx of thumb A: extension N: deep branch radial nerve Extensor indicis O: posterior ulna, interosseous membrane I: extensor expansion of 2nd digit A: extension N: deep branch radial nerve Nerves Radial n. Superficial radial n. Deep radial n. Posterior interosseous n. Vessels Radial a./v.c. Posterior interosseous a./v Hand Osteological Landmarks Carpal Bones Scaphoid Tubercle Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Tubercle Trapezoid Capitate Head Hamate Hook Metacarpals I–V Base Head Phalanx Proximal, intermediate, distal Base Head Muscles Tendons Flexor digitorum superficialis O: medial epicondyle humerus, UCL, coronoid process ulna I: body of middle phalanges 2-5 A: flexion N: median Flexor digitorum profundus O: proximal medial ulna, interosseus membrane I: base of distal phalanx 2-5 A: flexion N: medial part- ulnar nerve. Lateral part- median nerve Flexor pollicis longus O: anterior radius, interosseus membrane I: base distal phalanx thumb A: flexion N: median nerve Palmaris longus O: medial epicondyle I: flexor retinaculum palmar aponeurosis A: flexion N: median nerve Abductor pollicis brevis O: flexor retinaculum, spacphoid, trapezium I: lateral base proximal phalanx of thumb A: abduction of thumb N: median nerve Flexor pollicis brevis O: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium I: lateral base proximal phalanx of thumb A: flexion N: median nerve Opponens pollicis O: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium I: lateral 1st metacarpal A: opposition, medial rotation N: median nerve Abductor digiti minimi O: pisiform I: medial base proximal phalanx of pinky A: abduction N: ulnar nerve Flexor digiti minimi (brevis) O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum I: medial base proximal phalanx of pinky A: flexion N: ulnar nerve Opponens digiti minimi O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum I: medial border of 5th metacarpal A: opposition, medial rotation N: ulnar nerve Adductor pollicis Oblique head and Transverse head O: base 2/3 of metacarpals, capitate. Anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal I: medial base proximal phalanx of thumb A: opposition, medial rotation N: ulnar nerve Lumbrical (1–4) O: flexor digitorum profundus I: extensor expansion 2-5 A: flex MCP, Extend IP N: medial portion- ulnar nerve. Lateral portion- median nerve Palmar interosseous (1–3) O: palmar surfaces of 2,4,5 metacarpals I: extensor expansions of proximal phalanges 2,4,5 A: adduction, assist lumbricals in flexion N: ulnar nerve Dorsal interosseous (1–4) O: adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals (1-4) I: extensor expansions of proximal phalanges 2-4 A: abduction, assist lumbricals in flexion N: ulnar nerve Miscellaneous Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum Carpal tunnel Fibrous digital sheath Nerves Median n. Recurrent branch Common palmar digital n. Proper palmar digital n. Ulnar n. Superficial ulnar n. Deep ulnar n. Vessels Radial a./v.c. Superficial branch Deep palmar arterial arch Palmar metacarpal a. Ulnar a./v.c. Deep branch Superficial palmar arterial arch Common palmar digital a. Proper palmar digital a. Joints of the Upper Limb All Synovial Joints Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane Synovial cavity Articular cartilage Sternoclavicular Joint Articular disc Costoclavicular ligament Acromioclavicular Joint Coracoclavicular ligament Glenohumeral Joint Glenoid labrum Glenohumeral ligaments Coracoacromial ligament Tendon of long head biceps brachii m. Elbow Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament Radioulnar Joints Proximal radioulnar joint Anular ligament Middle radioulnar joint Interosseous membrane Distal radioulnar joint Articular disc Radiocarpal Joint Transverse Carpal Joint Carpometacarpal Joints (I–V) Metacarpophalangeal Joints (I–V) Palmar plate Medial collateral ligament Lateral collateral ligament Deep transverse metacarpal ligament Interphalangeal Joints Proximal, Distal Palmar plate Medial collateral ligament Lateral collateral ligament