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THE HIP JOINT
Muscles of the Hip
Gluteus Maximus
 O: lower posterior iliac crest and
posterior surface of the sacrum
 I: gluteal tuberosity (upper,
posterior aspect of the femur) &
I.T. band
 Actions:
 Extension of the hip
 External rotation of the hip
 Lower fibers (below the center
of motion) assist adduction
Gluteus Maximus
 Produces hip extension beyond 15 degrees; not used
extensively during walking
 Strongly used during running, hopping, skipping, and
jumping
 Best isolated with the knee flexed to reduce hip
extension from the hamstrings
40 degrees
Gluteus Medius
 O: outer surface of the
ilium just below the
crest
 I: greater trochanter
 Actions:



Abduction of the hip
Anterior fibers:
Internal rotation,
Posterior fibers:
External rotation.
Gluteus Minimus
 O: outer surface of the
ilium beneath the gluteus
medius
 I: greater trochanter of the
femur
 Actions


Abduction of the hip
Internal rotation
Gluteus Medius and Minimus
 During walking these muscles abduct (or hold up) the free leg,
preventing it from sagging.
 Both are important in transferring weight from one leg to the
other (e.g. running, hopping, skipping, etc.)
 Their effectiveness decreases with age.
Stretching
Strengthening
Biceps Femoris
 Lateral side
 Origin:
 1.) Long head - ischial tuberosity;
 2.) Short head - lower half of the linea
aspera
 Insertion: Head of the fibula
 Action:
 Extension of hip
 Flexion of knee
 Lateral rotation of the hip (and knee)
Biceps Femoris
 One of the hamstring muscles
(semitendinosus and semimembranosus)
 A two-joint muscle which is a powerful hip
extensor unless the knees are flexed
 Isolated during leg curls with some external
rotation of the hip
Semitendinosus
 Medial side; superficial
 Origin: Ischial tuberosity
 Insertion: Medial surface of
proximal end of the tibia
 Action:



Extension of the hip
Flexion of the knee
Internal rotation of the hip
(and knee)
Semimembranosus
 Medial side, deeper than
semitendonosus
 Origin: Ischial tuberosity
 Insertion: Medial surface of the
tibia
 Action:



Extension of the hip
Flexion of the knee
Internal rotation of the hip (and
knee)
Semitendinosus &
Semimembranosus
 A two-joint muscle
 Used in ordinary walking for hip extension
 Best exercised with knee flexion (leg curls)
 Help to medially stabilize knee
Tensor Fasciae Latae
 O: iliac crest
 I: iliotibial (I.T.) band
 Actions:
 Flexion of the hip
 Internal rotation
 Abduction of the hip
Tensor Fasciae Latae
 Prevents external rotation at the hip is flexed
Stretching
Strengthening
Tensor Fascia
Latae (Anterior View)
Iliopsoas
 Origins:
 iliac fossa
 vertebral bodies of the last
thorasic and lumbar
vertebrae
 I: lesser trochanter of the
femur
 Actions:



Flexion of the hip
External rotation
Flexion of the trunk
Iliopsoas
 Strong hip flexor muscle
 Raises legs off the floor




from the supine position.
Pulls anteriorly on the
lower lumbar vertebrae
May aggravate lower back
problems
Also used during complete
sit-ups and straight leg situps.
Stretching this muscle
requires hyper-extension of
the hip.
Pectineous
 O: pubic crest or ramus
 I: between the lesser
trochanter and the linea
aspera
 Actions



Flexion
Adduction
Internal rotation
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Pectineus
Adductor Brevis
 Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis
 Insertion: Pectineal line (linea
aspera)
 Actions:


Adduction
External rotation
Adductor Longus
 Below the adductor brevis
 O: front of the pubis just below
its crest
 I: middle third of the linea
aspera
 Actions:


Adduction
Flexion
Adductor Magnus
 Located posterior to the longus
 O: edge of the pubic crest and
ischial tuberosity
 I: linea aspera
 Actions:


Adduction
External rotation
Gracilis
 O: pubic crest
 I: medial condyle of tibia
 Actions:



Adduction at the hip
Internal rotation
[Flexion at the knee]
Adductor Muscles
 Adductor Brevis
 Adductor Longus
 Adductor Magnus
 Gracilis
 Not heavily used in ordinary movements
 Horse back riding, the breaststroke kick in swimming
Sartorius
 Origin: Anterior-superior spine of
the ilium
 Insertion: Anterior medial
condyle of the tibia (behind the
medial condyle)
 Action:



Flexion of hip
External rotation of the hip
[Flexion of the knee]
Sartorius
 Longest muscle in the body
 It is a two-joint muscle; hip flexion and knee
flexion
 It is weak when both actions take place at the
same time.
Rectus Femoris
 Two joint muscle; most
superficial
 Origin: anterior-inferior iliac
spine of the ilium
 Insertion: top of the patella
and patellar ligament to the
tibial tuberosity
 Actions:

Flexion of the hip [Extension
of the knee]
Rectus Femoris
 A two-joint muscle: hip flexion and knee
extension
 Powerful knee extension when the hip is
extended but weaker when the hip is flexed.
 The gluteus maximus and the hamstring
muscles will extend the hip making the rectus
femoris stronger during knee extension
Hip Rotator Muscles
 ANTERIOR
 Obturator Externus
Anterior
Hip Rotator
Muscles
 POSTERIOR
 Piriformis
 Gemellus superior
 Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
 Quadratus femoris
Posterior
Hip Rotator Muscles
Posterior
Posterior
Hip Rotator Muscles
Posterior
Anterior
Six Hip Rotator Muscles
 Common action is External Rotation
 Powerful external rotation of the hip is
required to throw a baseball, swing a bat or
golf club.
 The sciatic nerve passes just inferior to the
piriformis therefore a tight piriformis muscle
my contribute to compression on the sciatic
nerve.
Review
3.
The Femur
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
Head
Neck
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Linea Aspera
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
1.
2.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Anterior
1.
1 = iliac crest
2 = anterior spine
3 = greater trochanter 2.
4 = lesser trochanter
3.
5 = ischial tuberosity
6 = pubis crest
4.
5.
6.
Name the sections of the pelvis
1.
2.
3.
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Posterior
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
iliac crest
greater trochanter
ischial tuberosity
lesser trochanter
linea aspera
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Name the muscle
 Actions:
extension of the thigh at the hip
lateral rotation of the thigh
lower fibers (below the center of
motion) assist adduction
upper fibers (above the center of
motion) assist in abduction
Gluteus Maximus
Name the muscle
 Actions
 adduction of the thigh at
the hip
 aids in flexion
Adductor Brevis
Name the muscle
 Actions
 abduction of the thigh
 medial rotation
 flexion
Gluteus Minimus
Name the muscle
 Actions:
 adduction of the thigh
 assists in flexion of the thigh at
the hip
Adductor Longus
Name the muscle
 Actions:



abduction of the thigh
anterior fibers: flexion
and medial rotation,
posterior fibers:
extension and lateral
rotation.
Gluetus Medius
Name the muscle
 Actions:



adduction at the hip
medial rotation
[flexion at the knee]
Gracilis
Name the muscle
 Actions:
 flexion of the thigh at the
hip
 slight adduction
 flexion of the spine
Iliopsoas
Name the muscle
 Actions


flexion of the hip
adduction
Pectineus
Name the muscle
 Actions:
 flexion of the thigh at the
hip
 medial rotation
 abduction of the thigh,
medial rotation (weak)
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Name the muscle
 Actions:
 adduction of the thigh at the hip
 flexion (anterior fibers)
 extension (posterior fibers)
Adductor Magnus
 What is the most anterior hip rotator muscle?
 Obturator Externus
Name the action at her hip
Abduction
Name the action at
his hip
Flexion
Name the action at her hip
Extension, Abduction &
External Rotation
Name the action at her (?) hip
External Rotation
Name the actions at his hip
Flexion
Name the actions at his hip
Extension and External Rotation
and Abduction
Name the actions at his hip
Flexion and Adduction
Fill in the blanks
 Piriformis
 Gemellus superior
 Obturator internus
 Gemellus inferior
 Quadratus femoris
Name the muscle
 Deep muscle
 Action:
 Extension of the hip
 Flexion of the knee
 Internal rotation of the hip (and
knee)
Semimembranosus
Name the muscle
 Superficial muscle
 Action:
 Extension of the hip
 Flexion of the knee
 Internal rotation of the hip
(and knee)
Semitendonosis
Name the muscle
 Action:
Sartorius
 Flexion of hip
 External rotation of the hip
 [Flexion of the knee]
Name the muscle
 Actions:
 Flexion of the hip
 [Extension of the knee]
Rectus Femoris
Name the muscle
 Action:
 Extension of hip
 Flexion of knee
 Lateral rotation of the hip (and knee)
Biceps Femoris
Name the muscle
Gluteus Medius
Name the muscles
Pectineus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Name the landmarks
Iliac crest
Anterior spine
Name the landmarks
1.
2.
3.
Acetabulum
Sciatic
notch
Ischial
tuberosity
1
2
3
Name the muscles
1. Tensor
fasciae
latae
2. Sartorius
1
2
2. Name the landmark
Iliac Crest
1. Name the muscle
Gluteus Maximus
3. Name the structure
Iliotibial band