Download Blood-PPT-Student-2015

CHAPTER 17
BLOOD
I. An Overview of Blood
A. BLOOD: COMPONENTS
1. Liquid:
2. Solids:
3. Hematocrit
Plasma
•
Buffy coat
• Leukocytes & pl
•
Erythrocytes
•
B. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Color
• pH:
• Volume:
• Viscosity
Blood Clot
I. Overview: Blood Composition and Functions …
C. Functions
• Transport
• Protection
 Regulation



II. Blood Plasma
A. Components
• Water
• Proteins
• Nutrients
• Wastes
–
• Electrolytes
• Gases
• Hormones
Blood Plasma …
B. Plasma Proteins (Figure 18.3)
- Produced by:
1. Albumins
2. Globulins
– Alpha and beta
• Transport
– Gamma =
• produced by
3. Fibrinogen
III. FORMED ELEMENTS
A. Hemopoiesis
1. Sites
2. Hemopoietic Stem Cell, hemocytoblast: (p. 748-749)
 Myeloid Stem Cell & Lympoid Stem Cell
III. FORMED ELEMENTS …
B. Erythrocytes
1. Function of RBC
– hemoglobin
– Functions– carries
7.5 m
•
•
2. Structure RBC
– Shape:
- Organelles
– Blood Cell Count =
2.0 m
2
III. Formed Elements …
1
3. HEMOGLOBIN
• Complexity of Structure heme
• Each composed of:
– Globin
– Heme
- Amount Hemoglobin =
2
1
• Reversibly binds O2
• Oxyhemoglobin:
• Deoxyhemoglobin:
• Carbaminohemoglobin:
• % Saturation:
Heme
A. Erythrocytes …
4. Lifecycle of ERYTHROCYTES
a. Production-- ERYTHROPOIESIS
• Hematopoietic Stem Cell  Myeloid Stem Cell
 Proerythroblast
 
• Nucleus Ejection
a.
Production-- ERYTHROPOIESIS …
• Enter circulation
• Maturation = erythrocytes
b. Regulation
• Number of RBC low  low O2
• Kidney:
• Erythropoietin:
B. Erythrocytes …
c. ERYTHROCYTE DESTRUCTION
•
RBC lifespan:
•
Old RBC’s:
– Destruction by:
Globin 
Heme group
- Iron 
- pigment containing portion
Bilirubin
STUDENTS DO
• Erythrocyte Disorders
– Sickle cell Anemia
– Pernicious Anemia
– Polycythemia
C. LEUKOCYTES
• Structure
• Blood Volume:
• Protect body from:
• Diapedesis
• Movement
– Positive Chemotaxis
• WBC count:
connective tissue
capillary
leukocyte
Types
1. GRANULOCYTES
a. Neutrophils
–%
– Structure– granules:
– Function:
1. GRANULOCYTES …
a. Eosinophils
– Description:
– Functions:
• Fight
• Inactivation of some
1. GRANULOCYTES …
b. Basophils
–%
– Functions:
2. AGRANULOCYTES
a. Lymphocytes
– T and B cells
– Maturation Site
– Functions:
• Mechanisms
• Memory Cells
2. AGRANULOCYTES
b. Monocytes
– Structure
– Function:
– Chronic infections
LEUKOCYTE DISORDERS
• STUDENTS DO
– Leukemia
– Lymphoma
C. Platelets–THROMBOCYTES
•
•
•
•
•
Description:
No nucleus
Function:
Life span
Blood Count
IV. HEMOSTASIS = Stopping blood flow
• Stages of Hemostasis
Vascular spasms
• Smooth muscle damage; chemical release
•
 Platelet plug formation
• Damaged vessel lining
•
• Von Wildebrand Factor: large plasma protein, forms cross
bridges between platelets  collagen
• Platelets release chemicals ↑ aggregation:
• Need for further actions:
IV. HEMOSTASIS …
• Stages of Hemostasis
…
Coagulation
• Further Action needed:
• Begins
• Clotting factors required
– Includes:
• Steps
– enzyme thrombin– fibrinogen forms
– platelets stick to mesh and
• Length to Clotting:
• Fibrinolysis
• Anticoagulants


CLOTTING AND BLEEDING
DISORDERS
• Students do
– Hemophilia
– Thrombus
– Embolus
V. BLOOD TYPES
• Protein antigens on surface of RBC plasma membrane
and exposed to outer surface cause:
= many
• Types of antigens: many, ABO and Rh factor most
important
A. ABO Blood Type:
– Antigen types: B
or O =
Type A blood
of donor
Type A antibody in
Type B blood of
recipient
,A
.
.
Antigen & antibody
match
Agglutination
V. BLOOD TYPES …
• Antibodies:
• Wrong blood type transfused:
A. ABO System: # Genes for Blood type:
Possibile Gene Combinations
–
–
–
Type A Blood:
Type B Blood:
Type AB Blood:
Type O Blood:
Type A blood
of donor
Type A antibody in
Type B blood of
recipient
Antigen & antibody
match
Agglutination
A. ABO BLOOD GROUPS– Antibodies present
Antigen
A
Antigen
B
Antigen
AB
Antibody
Antibody
Antibody
Antibody
TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE AB
TYPE O
Neither Antigen
A nor B
A. ABO BLOOD GROUPS …
• Universal Donor
• Universal Recipient
• Review Problems
– A child is born with AB blood type
• What is known about the parent’s blood type?
- Can a mother with type A blood and a father with type
B blood have a child with type O blood?
B. Rh Factor
• Naming:
• Number of Different Types
– Most Common:
• Rh+
• Rh– Antibodies
• Speed:
• Treatment: Rhogam serum
B. Rh Factor …
PROBLEM:
- ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS
• 2nd Rh+ fetus / Rh- mother
• Results:
FIRST PREGNANCY
SECOND PREGNANCY
maternal circulation
(Rh-)
fetal circulation
(Rh+)
(RH-) antibodies develop in
the mother after delivery
Agglutination of fetal
(RH+) fetus
C. Blood Typing – How:
Figure 10.8
END PPT
- Extra Slides
- Review Questions
• Intrinsic
- Vessel Collagen exposed
Extrinsic
- intrinsic factor released from
cell trauma outside vessel
- Platelet Plug
PF3
X + Ca+2 + PF3
Prothrombin Activator
Prothrombin  Thrombin
Figbinogen  Fibrin
Ca+2 + XIII  cross-linked Fibrin