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Electricity SOL 4.3 (Information used from www.solpass.org) Currents and Circuits A continuous flow of negative charges (electrons) is a current. The pathway taken by an electric current is a circuit. Closed circuits allow the movement of electrical energy. Open circuits prevent the movement of electrical energy. Circuits Open Circuit Closed Circuit Lights off Lights on Series and Parallel Circuits There is only one pathway for the current in a series circuit. In a parallel circuit, there are two or more pathways for the current. Conductors Help electrical energy move better Good conductors: metals and water Insulators Do not help electrical energy move through materials Can be used to reduce heat produced by friction Good insulators: rubber, plastic, wood Static Electricity Rubbing certain materials together can create static electricity. (rubbing your shoes repeatedly on carpet and then shocking your friend when you touch them!) Lightning is the discharge of static electricity in the atmosphere. Electrical Energy Can be transformed into heat, light or mechanical energy An electric current creates a magnetic field, and a moving magnetic field creates an electric current. This current can produce electrical energy. Benjamin Franklin learned that lightning was a form of electricity. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. Michael Faraday invented batteries. Electromagnets Created by a current flowing through a wire Wrapping a wire around an iron nail and then connecting the ends with a battery is an example of a simple electromagnet. They are very useful because you can turn them on and off. Quiz Time #1 Which will light a light bulb? A. B. C. D. An open circuit A closed circuit Both A and B Neither A nor B Correct Answer-B Quiz Time #2 If you have a string of holiday lights on your tree and they go dark when one little bulb burns out, the string of lights is a . . . A. B. C. D. Series Circuit Parallel Circuit Conductor Insulator Correct Answer-A Quiz Time #3 If you have a set of lights where one bulb burns out but the others remain lit, it is a . . . A. B. C. D. Series circuit Parallel circuit Conductor Insulator Correct Answer-B Quiz Time #4 Electrical energy moves easily through materials that are good conductors. Which one of these is the best conductor? A. B. C. D. Wood Rubber Cloth Metal Correct Answer-D Quiz Time #5 You are working on an experiment and your wires keep overheating and stopping your work. What insulator could you use to help solve this problem? A. B. C. D. Rubber Copper Iron Nickel Correct Answer-A Quiz Time #6 This is a dry-cell battery. Who is credited for inventing batteries? A. B. C. D. Benjamin Franklin Franklin Roosevelt Michael Faraday Thomas Edison Correct Answer-C