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Grammar and Writing 8 LESSON 1 Four Types of Sentences • Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates Dictation or Journal Entry Vocabulary: In this book, we will learn the definitions of many words related to government. Do you know the difference between a direct democracy and an indirect democracy? In a dfrP. democra the people govern themselves. For example, the CongregationaJ church denomination determines church policy by direct democracy, for the members themselves, rather than representatives, make all necessal'y decisions. In an 11dii'ect democracy, the citizens do not directly handle the affairs of the government. The United States has an indirect democracy; the people elect representatives (persons who speak and act for others) to make known theiT desil'es in government. A group of words that expresses a complete thought is called a sentence. There are four types of sentences. Declarative A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends with a period. The Constitution of the United States of America became the supreme law of the nation on March 4, 1789. The United States has the oldest continuous constitutional government in the world, directed by a written constitution. Interrogative An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark: Why do we not have a direct democracy? When was the Constitution written? Imperative An imperative sentence expresses a command or a request and ends with a period, or an exclamation mark if the command indicates strong feeling: Give the historical background of the Constitution. Please become familiar with the supreme law of the nation. Help me! 6 Grammar and Writing 8 Practice For a-d, write whether the sentence is declarative, imperative, interrogative, or exclamatory. . · B enJam1n · · Frankl'1n, a. James M a d'1son, Gouverneur Morris, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington were geniuses! b. The legislative, executive, and comprise the federal government. c. Please explain government. the function of judicial branches each branch of d. Have you memorized the Preamble? For e-g, write the simple subject of the sentence. Then write and underline the simple predicate. e. Does the legislative branch make the laws of the land? f. The judicial branch must explain the laws. g. From the executive branch comes law enforcement. Replace each blank with the correct vocabulary word. people vote for h. In a(n) a state assembly person to represent them. i. Each person in the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ has an opportunity to vote on every issue. Review Set 1 Choose the correct word to complete sentences 1-10. 1. In a(n) (direct, indirect) democracy the citizens govern themselves; they are not represented by others. 2. A(n) (declarative, interrogative) sentence makes a statement and ends with a period. 3. A(n) (declarative, interrogative) sentence ends with a question mark. 4. A(n) (interrogative, imperative) sentence expresses a command or a request. Lesson 1 5. 7 A (n) (exclamatory, declarative) sentence shows strong feeling. 6. The simple (subject, predicate) tells who or what is doing or being something. 7. The simple (subject, predicate) is the verb. 8. In an imperative sentence, the (subject, predicate) "you" may be understood and not stated. 9. A (subject, verb) expresses action or being. 10. The simple predicate is the (subject, verb). Replace each blank with the correct word to complete sentences 11-15. 11. A sentence begins with a letter. 12. A (n) ______________ sentence ends with an exclamation point. 13. A (n) ____________ sentence ends with a question mark. 14. Declarative sentences end with a_____________ 15. A sentence expresses a ___________ thought. For 16-19, write whether each sentence is declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative. 16. Have you ever read Johnny Tremain? 17. John Newbery was a famous publisher and seller of children's books in England. 18. List the Newbery Medal and Newbery Honor books that you have read. 19. The novel Johnny Tremain won the Newbery medal! For 20-28, write the simple subject and simple predicate of each sentence. Then underline the simple predicate. 20. In 1943, Johnny Tremain was awarded the John Newbery Medal. 8 Grammar and Writing 8 21. Describe the character of Johnny Tremain. 22. From the author Esther Forbes comes an exciting and dangerous story. 23. Was life turbulent before the Revolutionary War? 24. There goes James Otis! 25. Johnny Tremain is a young apprentice silversmith. . . 26. Here comes John Adams! 27. Does Johnny participate in the Boston Tea Party? 28. Will Johnny fight in the Battle of Lexington? 29. Unscramble these words to make a declarative sentence: attic the sleep the in apprentices 30. Unscramble these words to make an imperative wake now sentence: up