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Quotes and Basic Facts to Add Some Oomph to our Answers - BUDDHISM A quick checklist giving an easy way to apply Buddhism to a moral issue 1. Check whether any of the five precepts can be applied to the issue. Remember that there may be a variety of interpretations. 2. Check whether there are any other Buddhist teachings which have an impact on the issue (e.g. Right Livelihood on drug dealing, rebirth on abortion) 3. Where there are a variety of interpretations, or a conflict between different priorities, think about the assumptions made by each side and whether the Middle Way can be applied to give an answer lying between them. GENERAL FACTS Ahimsa - Non-violence: the ethical principle of not harming other living beings Eightfold Path 1. Right vision, or understanding: understanding that life always involves change and suffering; realising that following the Noble Eightfold Path is the way to overcome suffering and be really happy. 2. Right emotion: committing oneself to wholeheartedly following the path. 3. Right speech: speaking in a positive and helpful way; speaking the truth. 4. Right action: living an ethical life according to the precepts. 5. Right livelihood: doing work that doesn’t harm others and is helpful to them. 6. Right effort: thinking in a kindly and positive way. 7. Right mindfulness: being fully aware of oneself, other people, and the world around you. 8. Right meditation, or concentration: training the mind to be calm and positive in order to develop Wisdom Five Precepts - Behaviour to avoid: • • • • • harming living beings taking the not-given sexual misconduct false speech taking intoxicants that cloud the mind Karma/Kamma- 'Action' or 'The fruits of action': this basically means the effects that all our actions (or more strictly, the motives for them) have on our future, by setting up habits or patterns of behaviour. An enlightened person is free of karmic effects. Used in an exam answer GENERAL FACTS Middle Way - Practically speaking applying the Middle Way to ethics means avoiding the extremes of indulging your desires and of totally denying them, in order to overcome the illusions you have and find a middle position of calm and content between two types of greed. Judgment on ethical and moral issues should be made situationally, allowing exceptions to the norm. Nirvana - 'Blowing-out' (of the flames of greed, hatred, and delusion, or of the ego). This state was first achieved by the Buddha, which is the goal of all Buddhist practice, usually translated as 'enlightenment'. Nirvana is not a place or an after-death state but a fully awakened state of mind. As a principle, nirvana is distinguished from its opposite, Samsara : the unenlightened universe. Rebirth - Traditional Buddhist belief that the process of karma associated with one individual goes on to be associated with a new individual after death. This should be clearly distinguished from reincarnation, the teaching that there is an immortal soul which passes on from one body to another. Used in an exam answer Quotes to Add Some Oomph to our Answers 1. RELIGION AND ANIMAL RIGHTS Religion and Life Written 5 times Drawn the quote Said aloud Used outside the RS classroom Used in an exam answer 2. RELIGION AND PLANET EARTH Written 5 times Drawn the quote Said aloud Used outside the RS classroom Used in an exam answer 3. RELIGION AND PREJUDICE Written 5 times Drawn the quote Said aloud Used outside the RS classroom Used in an exam answer At first one should meditate intently on the equality of oneself and others as follows: ’All equally experience suffering and happiness. I should look after them as I do myself.’ Bodhicaryavatara V90 Our life is shaped by our mind: we become what we think. Suffering follows an evil thought as the wheels of a cart follow the oxen that draw it. Our life is shaped by our mind: we become what we think. Joy follows a pure thought like a shadow that never leaves. Dhammapada Let none through anger or ill-will wish harm upon another. Sermon on Loving Kindness The pure-hearted, having clarity of vision. Being freed from all sense desires, is not born again to this world. Sermon on Loving Kindness Quotes to Add Some Oomph to our Answers 4. RELIGION AND EARLY LIFE (abortion) Written 5 times Drawn the quote Religion and Life Said aloud Used outside the RS classroom Used in an exam answer Of course, abortion… is an act of killing and is negative, generally speaking. But it depends on the circumstances. If the unborn child will be retarded or if the birth will create serious problems for the parent, these are cases where there can be an exception. I think abortion should be approved or disapproved according to each circumstance. Dalai Lama 1994 So with a boundless heart should one cherish all living beings; Radiating kindness over the entire world; Sermon on Loving Kindness Religion and Morality 1. RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES TO MATTERS OF LIFE (MEDICAL ETHICS) (transplants, IVF) Written 5 times Drawn the quote Said aloud Used outside the RS classroom Used in an exam answer 2. RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES TO THE ELDERLY AND DEATH (hospices, euthanasia) Written 5 times Drawn the quote Said aloud Used outside the RS classroom Used in an exam answer I should dispel the suffering of others because it is suffering like my own suffering. Bodhicaryavatara Quotes to Add Some Oomph to our Answers Religion and Morality 3. RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES TO DRUG ABUSE Written 5 times Drawn the quote Said aloud Used outside the RS classroom Used in an exam answer 4. RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES TO CRIME AND PUNISHMENT Written 5 times Drawn the quote Said aloud Used outside the RS classroom Used in an exam answer An action, even if it brings benefit to oneself, cannot be considered a good action if it causes physical and mental pain to another being. Buddha If a person foolishly does me wrong, I will return to him the protection of my boundless love. The more evil that comes from him, the more good will go from me. The Buddha