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BIOL 2401: Skeletal System Overview of the Skeleton - 77 Microscopic Structure Osteon (Haversian) System central (Haversian) canal perforating (Volkmann’s) canal osteocyte lacuna canaliculi trabeculae Sectioned Long Bone epiphysis diaphysis epiphyseal line (disk or plate) compact (dense) bone spongy (cancellous) bone hyaline (articulating) cartilage periosteum Sharpey's fibers medullary cavity red marrow yellow marrow The Axial Skeleton - 81 Cranium Frontal bone frontal sinus supraorbital foramen glabella Parietal bone (2) sagittal suture coronal suture Occipital bone lambdoidal suture foramen magnum occipital condyles ext. occipital protuberance Sutural bone Maxillary bones maxillary sinus palantine process alveolar fossa infraorbital foramen Palatine bone Zygomatic bone zygomatic arch Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Vomer bone Temporal bone (2) squamosal suture external acoustic meatus mandibular fossa mastoid process styloid process carotid canal jugular foramen internal acoustic meatus Hyoid Sphenoid bone sella turcica greater wing lesser wing sphenoid sinus orbital fissure optic canal medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid Ethmoid bone crista galli cribriform plate perpendicular plate ethmoid sinus nasal concha Mandible body ramus mandibular angle mandibular condyle coronoid process alveolar fossa mental foramen mandibular symphysis VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND THORAX Parts of vertebrae body spinous process vertebral foramen vertebral arch pedicle lamina transverse process intervertebral foramen Costal (rib) (12 pairs) parts head neck tubercle shaft intervertebral disks Types of Ribs true (vertebrosternal) 7 pair false (vertebrochondral) 5 pair floating (vertebral) last 2 pair of 5 intercostal space Cervical vertebrae (7) transverse foramen bifid process atlas (1st) axis (2nd) dens (odontoid process) Thoracic vertebrae (12) costal facets Lumbar vertebrae (5) Sacrum (5 fused) median sacral crest sacral hiatus sacral foramen sacral canal Coccyx Sternum manubrium sternal notch clavicular notch sternal angle body xiphoid process APPENDICULAR SKELETON - 99 Pectoral Girdle clavicle sternal end acromial end scapula spine lateral (axillary) border medial (vertebral) border superior angle inferior angle acromion process coracoid process glenoid cavity supraspinous fossa infraspinous fossa subscapular fossa Upper Arm Humerus head neck greater tubercle lesser tubercle intertubercular groove deltoid tuberosity capitulum trochlea medial epicondyles lateral epicondyles coronoid fossa olecranon fossa Radius head radial tuberosity styloid process Ulna trochlear notch radial notch olecranon process coronoid process styloid process head Carpals (8) Manus (hand) metacarpals (15) phalanges (15) proximal medial distal pollex = 1 Pelvic Girdle & Lower Limb coxal (hip) bone femur patella ilium tibia head iliac crest fovea capitis medial condyles iliac fossa neck lateral condyles sacroiliac joint greater trochanter intercondylar eminence greater sciatic notch lesser trochanter tibial tuberosity gluteal tuberosity anterior crest ischium linea aspera medial malleolus fibula ischial tuberosity lateral condyle ischial spine medial condyle head lesser sciatic notch lateral epicondyle lateral malleolus pubis medial epicondyle pubic symphysis intercondylar fossa acetabulum patellar surface obturator foramen 2 tarsals (7) talus calcaneus metatarsals (15) phalanges (15) proximal medial distal hallux = 1