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HW #7 – Intro to Hypothesis Tests Note that for each problem parts C through G are: C) Give the critical value(s) (from the table). D) Give the value of the test statistic (from the data). E) Is the answer Yes or No? F) What is the p-value? G) Describe the meaning of the p-value in everyday terms. Also all sample data are given at the end of the assignment. 1. (IN CLASS) Most people think that the average body temperature in adult humans is 98.6. However, this figure is based on data from the 1800’s. In a 1992 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association, it is reported a more accurate figure is 98.2. Assume a normal model is appropriate and that the population standard deviation is 0.7. We wish to see if we have good evidence at the 1% significance level that the mean of all adults is less than 98.6. Assume the data given at the end of the assignment. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding the mean is less than 98.6 when it actually is not less than 98.6? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding the mean is less than 98.6 when it actually is less than 98.6? 2. (ANSWER GIVEN) Suppose the measurements on the stress needed to break a type of bolt follow a Normal distribution with a population standard deviation of 8.3 ksi. The advertised mean breaking strength is 80 ksi. We wish to see if we have good evidence at the 5% significance level that the mean breaking stress of all bolts is not 80 ksi. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding the mean is not 80 ksi when it actually is 80 ksi? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding the mean is not 80 ksi when it actually is not 80 ksi? 3. (SOLUTION GIVEN) Assume the cholesterol levels of adult American women can be described by a Normal model with a population standard deviation of 24. We wish to see if we have good evidence at the 10% level of significance that the mean for the population of all adult American women is over 188. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding the mean is over 188 when it actually is not? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding the mean is over 188 when it actually is? 4. (HOMEWORK) Biological measurements on the same species often follow a Normal distribution quite closely. Assume the weights of seeds of a variety of winged bean are approximately Normal with a population standard deviation of 110 mg. We wish to see if we have good evidence at the 5% significance level that the mean is over 525 for this variety. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding the mean is over 525 when it actually is not? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding the mean is over 525 when it actually is? 5. (ALTERNATE HW) Assume the heights of women aged 20-29 follow approximately a Normal distribution with population standard deviation of 2.7 inches. We wish to see if we have good evidence at the 1% level of significance that the mean is not 64 inches. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding the mean is not 64 inches when it actually is 64 inches? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding the mean is not 64 inches when it actually is not 64 inches? 6. (IN CLASS) We wish to see if we have good evidence at the 5% significance level that the mean time improvement for all possible participants in a fitness program to run a mile is more than 15 seconds after completing the program. Assume the time improvements are normally distributed with a population standard deviation of 70 seconds. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding the mean is more than 15 seconds when it actually is not more than 15 seconds? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding the mean is more than 15 seconds when it actually is? 7. (ANSWER GIVEN) We wish to see if we have good evidence at the 1% significance level that the mean improvement in the number of sit-ups people could do in 5 minutes before and after an intense fitness class designed especially abs differs from 20. Assume the differences are normal with a population standard deviation of 40. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding the mean is not 20 when it actually is 20? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding the mean differs from 20 when it actually does? 8. (SOLUTION GIVEN) We wish to see if there is any difference in the mean weights that two scales will report for the population of all cans of peaches that could ever be weighed. Assume the differences are normally distributed with a population standard deviation of 0.15. Use the 5% significance level. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding a difference when there is no difference? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding a difference when there is a difference? 9. (HOMEWORK) We wish to see if we have good evidence at 10% level of significance if there is any difference in the population of all healthy adult females in the mean absorption into the blood between a generic drug and the reference name brand drug. We will at random give half the subjects the generic drug first and the rest will take the reference drug first. In all cases, a washout period separated the two drugs so that the first had disappeared before the subject took the second. Assume the population standard deviation is 1000. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding a difference when there is no difference? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding a difference when there is a difference? 10. (ALTERNATE HW) We wish to see at the 5% significance level if there is any difference in the mean high temperatures in a big city at the airport and downtown. Assume the differences are normally distributed with a population standard deviation of 3.5 degrees. A) Before collecting data, what is the probability of concluding a difference when there is no difference? B) Before collecting data, what is the probability of not concluding a difference when there is a difference? DATA: 1. SRS, sample size 30, sample mean 98.2. 2. SRS, sample size 32, sample mean 75.0. 3. SRS, sample size 50, sample mean 192.0. 4. SRS, sample size 48, sample mean 534.0. 5. SRS, sample size 42, sample mean 65.2. 6. SRS Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 After 580 611 542 570 542 540 490 490 488 490 Before 630 660 560 542 580 585 500 522 533 544 Person 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 After 600 465 455 710 600 510 510 480 480 489 Before 520 470 460 700 820 600 610 500 544 566 7. SRS Person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 After 164 142 154 143 157 147 174 174 163 165 168 Before 150 150 150 94 95 156 160 180 177 99 86 Person 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 After 192 182 195 176 193 184 152 142 190 183 Before 162 162 133 165 165 165 166 166 172 172 Person 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 After 175 146 161 182 183 178 176 192 192 173 Before 153 166 144 153 144 99 80 138 130 111 8. SRS Can 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Scale A 11.83 12.46 11.87 12.99 12.33 13.30 12.73 11.55 13.31 Scale B 11.71 12.44 11.91 12.58 11.88 13.49 13.11 11.02 12.99 Can 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Scale A 12.41 12.51 12.14 12.17 12.80 12.27 11.57 12.57 11.59 Scale B 12.78 12.38 11.68 11.95 12.81 12.38 11.36 11.48 11.50 9. SRS Subject A B C D E F G H I Reference 4110 2536 2769 3853 1832 2436 1999 1719 1829 Generic 1755 1148 1603 2254 1309 2120 1851 1878 1685 Subject K L M N O P Q R S Reference 2354 1864 1022 2256 938 1339 1262 1438 1735 Generic 2738 2202 1254 3051 1287 1930 1964 2549 3335 10. SRS Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Downtown 72 74 61 90 88 46 52 60 70 44 32 60 60 45 Airport 75 73 61 94 93 45 52 60 68 51 35 58 59 49 10 11 12.26 12.13 11.58 12.07 21 11.64 11.45 J 2594 2643 T 920 3044 15 16 17 93 97 80 93 96 84