Download FINAL EXAM II Review Guide

FINAL EXAM II
Review Guide
Chapter 10: Senses
1. What is referred pain?
2. What is the function of the retina?
3. What are the three bones found in the ear?
4. What is equilibrium?
What part of the ear helps you maintain equilibrium?
5. What is sensory adaptation?
6. What is a chemoreceptor? Explain how this works.
a thermoreceptor?
7. What is the iris of the eye?
8. What is the function of the pupil?
9. What nerve transmits sound impulses to the brain?
10. Describe how light passes through the eye and how an image
in interpreted.
11. What are rods and cones? Describe how they work.
12. What nerve transmits impulses from the eye?
13. What is the function of the Eustachian tubes?
14. What part of the ear is also known as the eardrum?
15. What is the function of the cochlea? What does it look like?
16. Why do we have a blind spot?
17. Describe the process in how sound travels into the ear and
how it is interpreted.
18. What are the 5 categories of taste buds?
19. Describe the process of taste and how it happens.
20. What is the olfactory bulb?
21. Describe the process of smelling and how it happens.
Eustachian tube | Tympanic membrane (eardrum) |Cochlea
Malleus | Stapes | Incus | Auditory Nerve | Eustachian Tube |
Auricle (pinna) | Auditory Canal | Semicircular canals
Ciliary body | Vitreous humor | Cornea | Retina | Fovea Centralis
| Pupil | Iris | Optic Nerve | Optic Disk | Sclera | Suspensory
Ligaments | Lens | Aqueous Humor
Chapter 11: Endocrine System
1. What the function of the endocrine system?
2. What is a hormone?
3. List the major glands and hormones they produce.
4. What is the “master gland” of the endocrine system and where
is it located?
5. What is insulin? What causes diabetes? What organ is
associated with diabetes?
6. What is the function of the thyroid gland? Where is it located?
7. What hormone is secreted by the teste? The ovary?
8. What hormone is often used in illegal steroids?
9. What hormone is secreted in response to “fight or flight”?
10. What organs of this system are located above the kidneys?
The anatomy website at biologycorner.com is a great
resource for studying. You will find all of the chapter
notes as well as images and labeling diagrams there.
Sample Problems:
Describe a blood cell.
A person with type AB blood is married to someone with type
What is an erythrocyte and where are they produced?
O blood. What is the chance that they will have a child with
What chemical produces and inflammatory reaction?
type A blood?
What blood type is the universal donor? Universal receiver?
Be able to do Punnett squares involving blood types:
Ex. A x O, AB x AB
6. What is sickle cell anemia? How is it inherited (Punnett squares)?
7. What is coagulation?
8. What is hemophilia and how is it inherited (Punnett squares)?
9. What is anemia? What causes anemia?
If a woman is a carrier is married to a normal man, what
10. What is a platelet?
percentage of her children will be hemophiliacs?
11. What is a leukocyte? What is its function?
12. What is hematocrit?
XHXh x XHY
13. What is hemoglobin?
14. What is plasma? What is it composed of?
15. What is hemostasis?
16. What is leukemia?
17. What is a macrophage?
Chapter 13: Circulatory System
1. What is an ECG? Name the parts (points) of an ECG diagram.
2. Name the location of all 4 valves of the heart.
3. Trace the flow of blood through the heart
4. What is the difference between a bicuspid and a tricuspid?
5. Compare systole to diastole (opening and closing of valves)
6. Where does the pulmonary artery deliver blood to?
7. What is the difference between and artery and a vein?
8. Where does the carotid artery deliver blood to?
9. Where is the femoral artery and vein located?
10. Blood returning to the heart enters what chamber first?
11. What is the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation?
12. Blood returning to the heart from the legs travels through what
vein?
13. Brachiocephalic arteries deliver blood where?
14. What part of the brain regulates the cardiac cycle?
15. What vein runs parallel to the carotid artery?
16. What is the aorta and what is its function?
17. What divides the left and right side of the heart?
18. Where do renal arteries deliver blood to?
19. What is the pericardium?
Chapter 16: Respiratory System
Chapter 12: Blood
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1. Describe the ventilation process. Include changes in
atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural
pressure, and roles of the muscles.
2. What is the function of the mucus membrane?
3. Where is the pharynx located?
4. Where are the sinuses located?
5. What is the function of the hyaline cartilage?
6. The site of gas exchange between the air and capillaries of the
circulatory system is the _________ (grapes)
7. What is the function of the respiratory system?
8. What is the function of the larynx?
9. What is the function of the epiglottis?
10. The trachea divides into two ________
11. Where are the conchae located? What is their function?
12. Where is the hard and soft palate located?
13. What is the function of the diaphragm?
14. What is acidosis and alkalosis?
Chapter 15: Digestive System
1. Where does digestion begin?
2. Trace the path food takes when it enters the alimentary canal at the
mouth.
3. What are the two valves of the stomach (and specific locations)?
4. What is the function of the gall bladder?
5. What membrane hangs like a curtain over the organs?
6. What organ is responsible for absorbing nutrients into the blood?
7. Where is undigested material stored before it leaves the body?
8. List the 4 sections (in order) of the large intestine.
9. List the 3 sections (in order) of the small intestine.
10. Bile and pancreatic juices empty into what structure?
11. Where is the cecum located? The appendix?
12. What is chyme?
13. Where is the frenulum located? The uvula?
15. Which teeth are used for biting? For grinding food?
16. What are the four processes of digestion?
17. What is mechanical digestion? What is chemical digestion?
18. What is the leptin and what is its role?
19. What is gastrin and what is its role?
20. What is peristalsis?
Chapter 17: Urinary System
1. What two substances are transported through the urethra (and then
outside the body?
2. What is incontinence? Why does it occur?
3. What do renal veins connect to?
4. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
5. What tube connects the kidneys to the bladder?
6. What tube is used to transport urine outside the body?
7. What is the role of these hormones: angiotensin, aldosterone, and
ADH, and erythropoietin?
8. What is an antidiuretic?
9. Describe how urine is formed.
10. Describe the passageway that urine travels.
Chapter 19: Reproductive System
1. What test is used to detect cervical cancer?
2. Where are sperm made? Eggs?
3. Name the all hormones responsible for the male characteristics?
4. Name the all hormones responsible for the female characteristics?
5. How is the baby attached to the placenta?
6. What is ovulation?
7. What is the cervix?
8. What is the placenta? What happens to it during birth?
9. What determines a baby’s sex?