Download SAC Revision Questions

Question PBS
0 The Australian Government is responsible for
administering the Pharmaceutical Benefits
Scheme (PBS)
a. What is the PBS? (2 marks)
a. Explain how the PBS may improve the health
status of Australians. (2 marks)
Answer PBS
a. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is a Federal
Government-funded scheme that subsidises the cost of a
wide range of prescription medications, providing Australians
with access to necessary and cost-effective medicines at an
affordable price.
a. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is a Federal
Government-funded scheme that subsidises the cost of a
wide range of prescription medications, providing Australians
with access to necessary and cost-effective medicines at an
affordable price.
24% got 0/36% got 1/36% got 2 = Average 1,1
Answer PBS
b. Subsidised drugs would enable all who require them to
maintain their health as they are more likely to be able to afford
the drugs. The PBS safety net protects individuals and families
from large overall expenses for PBS-listed medicines.
b. Subsidised drugs would enable all who require them to
maintain their health as they are more likely to be able to afford
the drugs. The PBS safety net protects individuals and families
from large overall expenses for PBS-listed medicines.
26% = 0/40% = 1/34%=2
Question - Medicare
a) Outline two examples of how Medicare is different from
private health insurance. (2 marks)
Some students were able to provide two examples of how
Medicare differs from private health insurance, but many
students were unable to demonstrate the differences.
41%=0/34%=1/25%=2 (Average .9) WHY?
Answer - Medicare
0 Possible answers include the following.
Medicare is compulsory for all Australian citizens, whereas
private health insurance is optional.
The cost of Medicare is met by the Federal Government. Private
health insurance is paid for by individuals according to the level
of coverage they wish to purchase.
Medicare covers essential health services such as GPs,
specialists and public hospitals, while private health insurance
can be purchased for health services not covered by Medicare; for
example, dentists, physiotherapists and chiropractors.
Medicare does not allow a patient the choice of private hospital
treatment, whereas private health insurance can, depending on
the level of cover purchased.
Medicare does not cover the cost of elective surgery, whereas
private health insurance can, depending on the level of cover
purchased.
Question 2 Medicare
0 In 2011, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
released a report called ‘The health of Australia’s males’. It
reported that one in six Australian males did not use
Medicare services in 2008–2009. This number is lower
than that for females.
1. Identify the level of government responsible for
administering Medicare. (1 mark)
2. Explain how Medicare is funded. (2 marks)
3. Explain one determinant of health that could account for
the behaviour of males with regard to their use of
Medicare services. (2 marks)
4. List two health services males might use that could be
claimed through Medicare. (2marks)
Question 2 Medicare Answer
1. Federal Government
2. Australian taxpayers contribute indirectly to the
cost of Medicare through
a Medicare levy, presently 2% of taxable income
higher income earners may have to pay a ? surcharge
in addition to the Medicare levy if they do not have
private health insurance
general taxation.
Question 2 Medicare Answer
3. Following are examples of possible answers.
Behavioural: many males choose not to visit a doctor
regularly, present later at health services for health
problems, and ignore screening and preventative health
care.
Social: Culturally, men are less likely to access health
services as they see it as a sign of weakness if they are ill
(macho image).
Social: Men are less likely to use health care services as
they often ignore health promotion messages. They may
therefore be less informed and knowledgeable about signs
and symptoms that may require a doctor to check.
Question 2 Medicare Answer
4. Possible examples of health services that may be claimed
are: GP consultations, eye tests at participating optometrists,
services delivered by a practice nurse on behalf of a GP, some
diagnostic procedures (for example, X-rays and blood tests),
part of treatment by a specialist while being treated in a
private hospital.
Many students simply wrote doctors or hospitals but these
were not acceptable; services, treatments or consultations
needed to be mentioned.
Question: Models
1. Explain one difference between the biomedical model
of health and the social model of health. (2 marks)
Answer: The biomedical model has a focus on the
treatment and management of disability and disease,
using services from healthcare professionals (eg surgery)
whereas the social model focuses on addressing the
broader determinants of health-social, economic and
environmental-to improve health.
Question: VicHealth
Dental services are generally not covered by Medicare. However, in
January 2014 the Child Dental Benefits Schedule was introduced. It
provides financial support for basic dental services for children. To
be eligible for these benefits:
0 the child must be aged 2–17 years
0 the child’s family must receive certain government benefits, such
as Family Tax Benefit Part A, for at least part of the calendar year
0 the child must be eligible for Medicare.
a. State one value that underpins the Australian health system and
explain how it is evident in the Child Dental Benefits Schedule. (3
marks)
Answer VicHealth
0 Accessible: relates to all Australian’s having equal access to
health care irrespective of income. This is reflected in the Child
Dental
Benefits
Scheme
available
to familiesthe
who
Students
needed
to because
identifyitaisvalue
that underpins
have low incomes, as they must receive certain government
Australian health system and explain how the selected
benefits (family tax Benefit part A) for part of the year. It is
value isensuring
evident that
in the
Dental
Benefits
Schedule.
therefore
allChild
people
including
those
with low
While can
many
students
were
ableservices.
to identify a relevant
incomes
access
dental
health
value, others had difficulty applying the meaning of the
value to the
details
on having
the Child
Dental
0 Accessible:
relates
to allprovided
Australian’s
equal
access to
health
care irrespective
of income.
reflected
in the
Child
Benefits
Schedule. While
any ofThis
the is
seven
values
were
Dental
Benefits Scheme
it is available
to families
appropriate
for onebecause
mark, students
who selected
thewho
have low incomes, as they must receive certain government
value(family
of accessible,
efficient
sustainable
wereItable
benefits
tax Benefit
part A)orfor
part of the year.
is to
apply this
to thethat
Child
Schedule.
therefore
ensuring
allDental
peopleBenefits
including
those with low
incomes can access dental health services.
Question – Dietary Guidlines
a. Provide two reasons why the Australian Dietary Guidelines
have been developed by the Australian Government. (2
marks)
b. Explain the relationship between the Australian Guide to
Healthy Eating and the Australian Dietary Guidelines. (2
marks)
c. Dietary Guideline 3 states that an individual should ‘limit
intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added
sugars and alcohol’.
Explain two ways in which this guideline may help reduce the
incidence of diabetes mellitus. (4 marks)
Answer – Dietary Guidelines
a.
To encourage Australians to make and prepare healthy food choices so as
to maintain heathy weight and promote wellbeing.
To encourage a decrease in diet and lifestyle related diseases such as
cardiovascular disease and risk factor obesity, by providing accurate
information on preventing from becoming obese and getting
diagnosed with a lifestyle disease.
Possible answers included:
to help Australians to adopt healthy lifestyles that will promote health and
wellbeing
to promote healthy eating
to reduce the risk of diet-related conditions such as hypertension and
impaired glucose regulation, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and
some types of cancer
levels of illness such as impaired glucose regulation, type 2 diabetes,
cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer, which have been
increasing.
Answer – Dietary Guidelines
0 b. Students were required to explain the relationship between the
Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and the Australian Dietary Guidelines.
Possible answers included:
The AGHE is a food selection tool that forms part of the Australian Dietary
Guidelines and provides assistance for people to plan, select and consume
adequate proportions of foods from each of the food groups.
The AGHE provides a visual representation of the recommended dietary
advice detailed in the Australian Dietary Guidelines (or advice regarding
guideline 2 or 3).
The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGTHE) reflects the information in
the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG), specifically guideline 2. “To enjoy a
wide variety of nutritious foods from the 5 food groups every day and drink
plenty of water.” The AGTHE reflects this and gives proportions of each food
group people should aim to consume and present this in a visual way with the
food groups represented being (vegetables and legumes), (fruits)(lean meat,
fish, poultry eggs)(Grain foods such as cereals and wholegrain breads)(milk,
yoghurt, cheese).
Answer – Dietary Guidelines
0This
Foods
containing
saturated
fats are energy
dense and likely to
question
was
not answered
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be storedincludes
as fat if they
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needed to show their understanding of the
risk factor for diabetes type 2. By reducing these foods
condition
recognising
thatof
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could
individualsby
reduce
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diabetes
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impact on the levels of type 2 or gestational
diabetes rather than just referring to the umbrella
0 Alcohol too, is energy dense, therefore limiting its
term.
Many students
chose
to explain
more
consumption
may reduce
the risk
of weightthe
gain,
and the
complex
linkofbetween
salt and
type 2 diabetes,
development
obesity, which
is a risk-factor
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2
diabetes.
their
explanations were not always clear.