Download Present Subjunctive

Present Subjunctive
Present Subjunctive
Indicative Tense vs. Subjunctive Mood
• all of the tenses you have learned in your Spanish
career are Indicative Tenses (Present, Preterite,
Imperfect, Perfect tenses, Future, Conditional).
• Indicative tenses express factual, real or definite
actions.
• Subjunctive Mood expresses the speaker’s
attitude towards actions viewed as uncertain or
hypothetical
Present Subjunctive
Formation of Regular Forms
• start with the yo form of the present indicative
• Add the “opposite” ending
hablar
comer
vivir
hable
coma
viva
hables
comas
vivas
hable
coma
viva
hablemos
comamos
vivamos
hablen
coman
vivan
Present Subjunctive
• verbs that are irregular in the Present
Indicative yo form maintain that irregularity
throughout all of the conjugations
conocer
conozca
conozcas
conozca
conozcamos
conozcan
decir
diga
digas
diga
digamos
digan
oír
oiga
oigas
oiga
oigamos
oigan
escoger
caber
escoja
escojas
escoja
escojamos
escojan
quepa
quepas
quepa
quepamos
quepan
Present Subjunctive
Stem-changing verbs
• -AR and –ER verbs that stem change in the
Present Indicative will have the same stem
change in the Present Subjunctive.
• Remember there is NO stem change in the
nosotros/as forms.
Present Subjunctive
Stem-changing verbs
pensar
piense
pienses
piense
pensemos
piensen
*jugar
juegue
juegues
juegue
juguemos
jueguen
resolver
resuelva
resuelvas
resuelva
resolvamos
resuelvan
Present Subjunctive
Stem-changing verbs
• -IR verbs that stem change in the Present
Indicative also stem change in the Present
Subjunctive. The stem change DOES occur in
the nosotros/as form (e:i, o:u).
Present Subjunctive
pedir
(e:i)
preferir
(e:ie)
dormir
(o:ue)
pida
pidas
pida
pidamos
pidan
prefiera
prefieras
prefiera
prefiramos
prefieran
duerma
duermas
duerma
durmamos
duerman
Present Subjunctive
Spelling Change Verbs
• verbs that end in –car, -gar, and –zar have the
following spelling changes to maintain
preservation of sound:
-car
-gar
-zar
c→qu
g→gu
z→c
sacar
pagar
almorzar
yo saque
pague
almuerce
Present Subjunctive
• There are 6 verbs that are irregular in the
Present Subjunctive
dar
estar
ir
dé
esté
vaya
des
estés
vayas
dé
esté
vaya
demos
estemos
vayamos
den
estén
vayan
Present Subjunctive
haber
haya
hayas
haya
hayamos
hayan
saber
sepa
sepas
sepa
sepamos
sepan
ser
sea
seas
sea
seamos
sean
Present Subjunctive
When to use the Present Subjunctive
Uncertainty
Wish, want, will
Emotions
Impersonal expressions
Recommendation, request
Doubt
Ojalá que
Present Subjunctive
• Present Subjunctive is used in the Subordinate
(Dependent) clause when UWEIRDO triggers exist in
the Main (Independent) clause
• The main (independent) clause has a subject and a verb
and can stand alone as a complete sentence.
• The subordinate (dependent) clause, although it has a
subject and a verb, cannot stand alone as a sentence;
it is only a part of a sentence.
• The main and subordinate clauses are often connected
by the word que or an adverbial conjunction
Present Subjunctive
Types of Subordinate (dependent) clauses)
• adjective clause: a subordinate clause that modifies a
noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one
• adverbial clause: a subordinate clause that modifies a
verb, adjective, adverb or verbal clause. It expresses
where, when, how, to what extent, under what
condition or why.
• noun clause: a subordinate clause that acts like a noun
Present Subjunctive
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Indicative Tense vs. Subjunctive Mood
There are 3 moods:
Indicative, Imperative and Subjunctive
Indicative represents factual statements
Imperative is the command form
Subjunctive represents doubt, suggestion,
uncertainty, possibility, hypothetical events
Present Subjunctive
Examples:
Los estudiantes quieren
(main clause w/triggers)
que
(conjunction)
la maestra no dé mucha tarea.
(subordinate clause that describes
what the students want)
Which UWEIRDO rule applies?
Did you notice the change of subject between the main and dependent clauses?
Present Subjunctive
Example:
El alumno estudia
(main clause)
cuando
(conjunction)
llegue a la casa.
(subordinate clause expressing doubt)
Which UWEIRDO applies?
Did you notice the change of subject between the main and dependent clauses?
Present Subjunctive
The Subjunctive After Impersonal Expressions
• An impersonal expression does not have a
person as its subject. The subject is “it” and
makes a generalized statement.
Present Subjunctive
Common Impersonal Expressions that ALWAYS
trigger use of the Subjunctive
Es bueno que...
It’s good that...
Es importante que...
It’s important that...
Es imposible que...
It’s impossible that...
Es malo que...
It’s bad that...
Es mejor que...
It’s better that...
Es necesario que...
It’s necessary that...
Es una lástima que...
It’s a shame that...
Es urgente que...
It’s urgent that...
Present Subjunctive
• Impersonal expressions that indicate fact, truth or certainty
trigger use of the indicative tense in the subordinate clause
BUT if the expressions are made negative (i.e. add NO before
the verb), then the expression indicates doubt/uncertainty
and triggers the subjunctive.
Es cierto que...
It is certain that...
Es evidente que...
It is evident that...
Es seguro que...
It is sure that...
Es verdad que...
It is true that...
No es cierto...
It is not true that...
No es evidente que...
It is not evident that...
No es seguro que...
It is not sure that...
No es verdad que...
It is not true that...