Download Neo-Classicism - Mrs. Duvall Art History

NEO-CLASSICISM
1720-1827
CHARACTERISTICS OF NEO-CLASSICISM
Neo-Classicism is called the ”Classical”
style in music.
A rejection of excesses, the monarchy
and ornamentation of Baroque.
A return to order, reason and clarity in
art work.
Wanted to instill democratic ideas in the
government.
DANCE - NEO-CLASSICISM
 In Europe Classical ballet was still the theatrical dance of the
aristocrats (wealthy)
 American settlers brought dances from their homeland.
 jigs, clogs and court dances like the minuet.
 Our founding fathers entertained in the New Republic with
fancy balls that included:
 quadrilles, cotillions, reels and jigs.
DRAMA/THEATRE - NEO-CLASSICISM
Started in France in
the mid 1600s.
The plot structure
was important.
Ideas came from
Ancient play scripts.
By 1600 most parts
of Europe, used
ancient ideas for
theatre.
The “Three Unities”
Theory:
unity of time
 (24hrs)
unity of place
 (1 place)
unity of action
 (1 plot)
SATIRE
 Comic techniques to
show foolish behavior
of human beings.
 French playwright
Moliere (1622-1673)
 Moliere’s plays are
influenced by the
physical comedy
tradition of
Commedia.
 Use of “stock”
characters
 Examples:
 Tartuffe
 The Doctor in Spite of
Himself
LITERATURE
 Jonathan Swift (1667-17450
 Born in Ireland
 known for his satirical writings
 Gulliver’s Travels
 A man who travels to other societies and learns about different
cultures
 Satire on English Govt.
 A Modest Proposal
 The overpopulation of poor children in Ireland.
 Swift suggests eating the children
MUSIC - CLASSICAL
 The Classical time period was a time of development for the
symphony.
 As the middle class got more money they began to attend
music events.
 Music had to appeal to the upper and middle classes
 Melodies were more simple and easier for the less-educated
audience to understand.
SYMPHONIES
Written for an orchestra.
There are four movements:
 Movement One - has a fast tempo
 Movement Two: slower in tempo with a lyrical melody.
 Movement Three: is a minuet.
 The minuet was a popular dance of the day like a waltz
 Movement Four: faster tempo and concludes the
piece.
 A complete symphony can take 30 minutes
JOSEPH HAYDN
(1732-1809)




Born in Vienna, Austria
Wrote secular (non-religious) music.
Was famous while alive
Wrote 104 symphonies
 “Farewell” Symphony, players leave the stage
 “Surprise” Symphony, sudden loud chords (wake people up)
 London Symphony Menuetto: Allegretto.
 Symphony no. 104 in D Major .
 Sounds seem to represent common landmarks in London,
England.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART
(1756-1791)
 Born in Austria.
 Musical genius.
 Composing piano concertos by age 4, symphonies by age 6
and operas by age 11 .
 The most well know composer in Western music today.
 Mozart reflected the ideas and philosophies of the
Enlightenment
 The Marriage of Figaro (opera), the servants are the heroes, reflect
the growing influence in society of the middle class.
 Simple melodies would reflect the hope of the human spirit.
 Piano Concerto no. 22 in E-flat, Third Movement.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
(1770-1827)
 Born in Germany,
 His fiery personality, troubled childhood and his deafness
were reflected in his music.
 His compositions expressed great sadness or great joy.
 He wanted people to feel the height of joy or the depth of
despair, because that is how he experienced life.
 His music was autobiographical.
 Symphony no. 5, First Movement
 Beethoven Brainpop
VISUAL ART-NEO-CLASSICAL
 Rejection from Baroque style and the excesses of the
monarchy
 Influenced from art of the Renaissance and Classical Greece
and Rome.
 Concern was for the middle class and ordinary life.
 Subject matter focused on equality and ideals.
 Artists and architects went to Italy and Greece to study
Classical sculptures and buildings.
 They used Classical features to express their ideas on reason,
democracy, and patriotism,
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
(1748-1825)
 Born in France
 Lived through the
French Revolution
 Traveled to Rome and
made sketches of
Classical Greek and
Roman sculptures.
 Painted The Oath of
the Horatii, the first
Neoclassical painting
 French Rev
propaganda
 Propaganda- influence
someone’s opinion
 The Death of Marat and
The Death of Socrates
were propaganda.
THE OATH OF THE HORATII, 1784
THE DEATH OF MARAT, 1793
NAPOLEON IN HIS STUDY, 1812
THOMAS JEFFERSON- 3 RD P RE SI DE NT
(1743-1826)
 Jef ferson was a “Renaissance man.”-politics farmer, inventor, and
an architect.
 Public buildings should reflect the ideals of our nation; democracy.
 Admired the Renaissance, Classical Greek , and Roman architecture
 liked the Maison Carree, and used it as inspiration for the design of the
Virginia State Capitol.
JEFFERSON ARCHITECTURE
Maison Carree- Paris, France
Virginia State Capitol
INSPIRED BY CLASSICAL ROMAN
ARCHITECTURE
Pantheon- Rome, Italy
University of Virginia
Rotunda
Villa Rotunda Vicenza, Italy
Monticello, Virginia