* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Operating systems
Survey
Document related concepts
Criticism of Windows Vista wikipedia , lookup
Plan 9 from Bell Labs wikipedia , lookup
Distributed operating system wikipedia , lookup
Burroughs MCP wikipedia , lookup
Security-focused operating system wikipedia , lookup
Windows Phone 8.1 wikipedia , lookup
Spring (operating system) wikipedia , lookup
Copland (operating system) wikipedia , lookup
Windows NT startup process wikipedia , lookup
Mobile operating system wikipedia , lookup
Unix security wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Technology In Action Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Topics • System software • Operating systems: – Kinds of systems – Common desktop systems – User interaction – Manage the processor – Manage memory © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 Topics • Operating systems: – Manage hardware – Interact with application software – Start the computer – Keep the computer organized • Desktop and windows features • Utility programs © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3 System Software Operating systems • Control computer functions: – – – – Hardware Memory Application programs System maintenance System utilities • Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks: – Manage system resources – Improve efficiency – Virus prevention • Provide user interface © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4 Operating System Categories • Four categories: – Real-Time (RTOS) – Single-User, Single-Task – Single-User, Multitask – Multiuser © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5 Real-Time Operating Systems • Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result • Uses include: – – – – – Industrial machines Robotic equipment Automobiles Video game consoles Home appliances © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6 Single-User Operating Systems Single-task systems • Perform one task at a time • PDAs: – Pocket PC – Palm OS – Windows Mobile Multitask systems • • • • Perform simultaneous tasks Windows MAC OS Linux • MS-DOS © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7 Multiuser Operating Systems • Known as network operating systems • Allow access to the computer system by more than one user • Manage user requests • Systems include: – UNIX – Novell Netware – Windows Server 2003 © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 8 Desktop Operating Systems • Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platform – Microsoft Windows / Intel – Apple Macintosh / Motorola • Desktop operating systems include: – Microsoft Windows – MAC OS – UNIX – Linux © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 9 Microsoft Windows • Market leader – 90% market share Click to view the various Windows systems Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows XP 2000 ME NT 98 95 3.x 1.0 2.0 (2001) (2000) (1993) (1998) (1995) (1990(1985) (1987) 1992) © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Introduces Fundamentally First widely This Includes This operating upgrade better This upgrade This upgrade different used point-and-click PCruns Offers a new system graphics toWindows Windows to NT includes operating graphical commands user with multi-user faster capabilities 95 and and offers additional file system interface a mouse with and (GUI) desktop as and introduces Windows more 98 improvements protection and increased operating includes modest well as efficiently, keyboard includes to file security incorporates security, system. multitasking power, improved introduces shortcuts system and Plug and Internet Internet performance, Improved capabilities digital and the backup ability Play media and toand support. Explorer 4.0, and point-and-click desktop features and a capabilities, overlap multimedia customizable multitasking mouse applications. Internet long windows. capabilities file names, taskbar, and scheduler. operations capabilities. short-cut (such as and desktop multitasking right-click Media Player). features capabilities. menus, and a cleaner desktop. 10 MAC OS • First operating system with point-and-click technology (Graphical User Interface) • Excellent in: MAC OS X – Graphics display – Processing capabilities – System reliability – Document recovery • Fewer software applications © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 11 UNIX • Multiuser, multitask operating system • Used primarily with mainframes © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 12 Linux • Open-source operating system • Based on UNIX • Stable system • Free • May be downloaded through the Internet © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 13 What the Operating System Does • Provides user interface • Manages the CPU • Manages memory • Manages hardware • Coordinates application software with the CPU © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 14 The User Interface • Enables you to interact with the Command-driven computer • Types of interfaces: – Command-driven interface – Menu-driven interface – Graphical user interface © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Menu-driven Graphical 15 Processor Management • Controls the timing of events the processor works on – Interrupts – Interrupt handler – Interrupt table – Stack REQUEST © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Operatin Process Process g 3rd 1st 2nd 4th System 16 Memory Management • The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data RAM Operating System © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 17 Virtual Memory • Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full – Swap file – Paging – Thrashing FULL Operating System © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 18 Hardware Management • Device drivers: – Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices – Provided by the manufacturer of the device • Plug and Play: – Hardware and software standard – Facilitates the installation of new hardware © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 19 Software Application Coordination • Application programming interfaces (APIs): – Blocks of code contained in the operating system – Coordinates the operating system with software applications • Similar toolbars and menus – Microsoft Direct X © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 20 Starting the Computer The Boot Process • Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated • Step 2: A Power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware 2 1 3 • Step 3: The operating system loads into memory • Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4 21 Handling Errors in the Boot Process • Non-system disk or disk error – Remove the floppy from the drive and press any key • POST errors – Single beep: Everything is loading properly – Series of beeps: Hardware problem • Safe mode – Windows does not boot properly – Uninstall any new devices or software © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 22 Click to view Desktop features The Desktop B MY DOCUMENTS ____________ C MY COMPUTER ____________ I • Desktop features:TOOLBAR _________ – Shortcut icons – MyICONS Documents _______________ SHORTCUT A – Start button – Quick launch – Open OPEN programs _________ PROGRAMS _________ – Taskbar TASKBAR _________ START BUTTON D ____________ F tray – System G QUICK LAUNCH E ____________ – toolbar © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. ___________ SYSTEM TRAY H 23 Click to view Start menu features Start Menu ____________ USER NAME A B PINNED ITEMS LIST _______________ C G MOST FREQUENTLY _______________ USED LIST ALL PROGRAMS ___________ BUTTON _______________ SPECIAL FOLDERS SYSTEM AREA _______________ HELP _______________ D F SHUT DOWN/RESTART _______________ USER LOG OFF _____________ © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. E 24 Click to view Window features __________ TITLE BAR A __________ MENU BAR B TOOLBARS __________ Window G C F ______________ VIEW OPTIONS D STATUS BAR ____________ E © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. SIZING BUTTONS _______________ SCROLLBARS ____________ 25 File Management • The operating system provides an organizational structure to the computer’s contents • Hierarchical structure of directories: – Drives • Folders Subfolders » Files © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 26 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – Tiles View © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 27 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – Thumbnail View © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 28 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – Icon view © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 29 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – List View © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 30 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders • Windows Explorer – Detail View – Sorted and grouped © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 31 Naming Files • Filename: – Name assigned plus filename extension • only characters not legal in filenames are: Bioreport.doc or Bio report.doc \ ⁄ : * ? " < > ¦ • all others are allowed © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 32 Filename Extensions • Filename extensions: – Used by programs © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Extension Type of Document Application .doc Word processing document Microsoft Word; Corel WordPerfect .xls Workbook Microsoft Excel .ppt PowerPoint presentation Microsoft PowerPoint .mdb Database Microsoft Access .bmp Bitmap image Windows .zip Compressed file WinZip .pdf Portable Document Format Adobe Acrobat .htm or .html Web page Hypertext Markup Language 33 File path • File path – Location of the file Secondary folders Filename C:\My Documents\Tech in Action\TIA Pics\dotmatrix.gif Drive Primary folder © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 34 Working with Files • File management actions: – – – – – Open Copy Move Rename Delete • Recycle bin Saving files © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 35 Utility Programs • Small application programs that perform special functions: – Manage system resources – Create pleasant environment – Improve efficiency © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 36 Display Utilities • Change the appearance of: – Desktop – Windows colors – Font sizes – Screen savers – Screen resolution © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 37 Add or Remove Programs • Installation wizard • Uninstall wizard: – Do not delete programs © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 38 File Compression Programs • Reduce the size of a file: – Removes redundancies © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 39 System Maintenance Utilities • Disk cleanup – Cleans unnecessary files © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 40 System Maintenance Utilities • Disk defragmenter • ScanDisk: – Error-checker © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 41 System Maintenance Utilities • Task manager © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 42 System Restore • System Restore: – Restores the system settings back to a specific date © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 43 System Backup • Backup: – Creates a copy of the hard drive to another storage device • Task Scheduler – Sets a time to run selected utilities automatically © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 44 Accessibility Utilities • Utility manager: – Magnify screen image – Screen contents narration – On-screen keyboard © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 45 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • What software is included in system software? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 46 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • What are the different kinds of operating systems? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 47 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • What are the most common desktop operating systems? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 48 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • How does the operating system provide user interaction with the computer? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 49 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • How does the operating system help manage: – The processor? – Memory and storage? – Hardware and peripheral devices? – Application software? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 50 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • How does the operating system help the computer start up? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 51 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • What are the main desktop and windows features? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 52 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • How does the operating system help keep the computer organized? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 53 Chapter 5 Summary Questions • What utility programs are included in system software and what do they do? © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 54