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Weed Control in Homeowner Ornamentals Tim R. Murphy The University of Georgia Landscape Ornamental Weed Control Options • • • • Hand-removal, hoeing Mulches Landscape fabrics Herbicides #1 Home Owner Question What can I spray on *&^#@!? weed to kill it and how much do I need?? Mechanical Control Fabric Mulches Plastic or fabric thickness affects the degree of weed suppression. Clear and colored plastics that allow light penetration produce high temperatures in the upper surface. This build up of heat, solarization, kills germinating weed seeds. Landscape Fabrics • • • • • Expensive Limited commercial use Very good option for homeowners Use high quality, non-woven, fused fabric Properly mulch Organic Mulches Straw, wood chips, pine straw, sawdust, newsprint, and other organic materials. These mulches also shade and physically hinder germinating seedlings Organic Mulches • • • • • Coarse texture better than fine Texture more important than type 2 to 4 inch depth Renew as needed Nothing is permanent! Mulches Advantages Disadvantages control most weeds good use of “waste” materials Conserves water expensive?? handling is often a pain Mechanical Control Hand Pulling and Hoeing Still used for weed control in high value crops Best control with small weeds <4 inches Must understand how the weed develops (annuals vs. perennials) Hand Weed Control Advantages Disadvantages keeps you in shape environmentally friendly controls most weeds Inexpensive (if done by self repetition is a must can stimulate germination must be timely Mechanical Control Tillage Controls many weeds that have emerged Incorporate Prepares fertilizers, lime seed or plant beds Tillage Practices Advantages Disadvantages control most weeds quick and easy expensive?? can’t get too close to crop – root pruning noise pollution HERBICIDES Ornamental – Homeowner Herbicides • Annual grass control available – Preemergence and postemergence • Pre and Post broadleaf weed control is difficult • Use post graminicides for perennial grass control • Vines, woody plant control is exceeding difficult Ornamental Preemergence Herbicides • Primarily dinitroanilines – Treflan, Surflan, Pendulum, Endurance, XL, Team • Preen • Preen-N-Green • Snapshot - trifluralin + isoxaben Ornamental Preemergence Herbicides • • • • • • Products labeled for various species Irrigate-in if possible (1/2 inch) within 7 days Do not apply to wet foliage Match weeds to specific products Use fall + spring applications Rotate products if possible Homeowner - Selective POST Grass Control Herbicides • Sethoxydim - Vantage, Hi-Yield Poast – reseeding restriction: not listed • Fluazifop - Dexol Grassout Greenlight Bermudagrass Killer Ortho Grass-B-Gon - reseeding restriction: 2 months Ornamentals – Post-Grass Control • Use on any non-grass ornamental – – – – – Trees, woodies, annuals, perennials Includes liriope, hosta, iris, daylily Don’t spray open blooms No “nutgrass” control Avoid applications on “scorchy-hot”, humid days Integrated Weed Management Integrating preventive, mechanical (mulches, fabrics), cultural and chemical methods is usually the most effective method of managing weeds in ornamentals. Florida betony Florida Betony - Stachys floridana • • • • • • Labitae (mint family) “Rattlesnake weed” perennial reproduces primarily by tubers opposite, serrated leaves occurs in turf and ornamentals Florida Betony Control • Roundup, Finale • Casoron applied in winter, very difficult to find, can be ordered at Southern States, commercial herbicide stores • Use landscape fabric in ornamentals Bamboo • • • • • • • Phyllostachys aurea Grass family rhizomatous rarely fruits no wildlife value full sun, partial shade native to China Bamboo Control • No herbicide is labeled for the control of bamboo. Bamboo Control • Roundup Pro, 2% v/v, apply to regrowth 3 to 6 feet tall, repeat, not on label • Roundup Pro, 33% v/v, apply with gloved hand to husk stage, repeat, not on label • MSMA, 2% v/v, will “knock” leaves off, repeat • Mechanical barrier, 30 inches deep Phyllanthus spp. - Biology • • • • Summer annuals Spurge family Seeds require light Tolerates full sun and moderate shade Chamberbitter, niruri, gripeweed Chamberbitter - Phyllanthus niruri • • • • • • • Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) niruri, gripeweed, leafflower summer annual, reproduces by seed alternate leaves, numerous leaflets inconspicuous flowers stalkless green, round fruit no milky juice Longstalked Phyllanthus Longstalked Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus tenellus) • • • • • • Euphorbiaceae (spurge family) summer annual, reproduces by seed alternate leaves, numerous leaflets inconspicuous flowers stalked green, round fruit no milky juice Phyllanthus spp. - Control • Use mulch • Apply early spring Phyllanthus spp. Preemergence Control • Ronstar (not labeled for use in home • • • • landscapes) Rout (OHII - slightly less effective) Surflan + Gallery (Snapshot TG - less effective) Prodiamine (Factor, Endurance, Barricade) Gallery Phyllanthus spp. Postemergence Control • Roundup Pro • Finale • Reward LS Phyllanthus spp. Ineffective Herbicides • • • • • • Basagran T/O Image MSMA Pennant Pendimethalin Balan Isoxaben Products - Homeowners • PRE herbicide for control of annual • • • • broadleaf weeds Primarily used in woody ornamentals Gallery Greenlight Portrait Reseeding restrictions - 2 months EPTC Products - Homeowners • PRE control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds • Woody ornamentals, some flowers, groundcovers • Preen for Groundcovers Homeowner - Nutsedge Herbicides • Image – imazaquin – reseeding restriction: 6 weeks • Manage – halosulfuron -reseeding restriction: 4 weeks • Bentazon – Basagran T/O, Hi-Yield Basagran – reseeding restriction: 0 week Sedge Herbicides -Ornamentals • • • • Basagran T/O - yellow, annual sedges Manage - yellow, purple, annual sedges Image - yellow, purple, annual sedges Pennant - yellow, annual sedges – Preemergence only – No homeowner package available Basagran T/0 - Ornamentals • Directed spray around base of ornamentals • Over-the-Top – Hollies, ornamental cabbage, pachysandra – Liriope, impatiens, marigold – English ivy, petunia, ajuga • “Safer”option for yellow nutsedge than Roundup Pro Manage - Ornamentals • • • • Post-directed around woody ornamentals New-transplants- wait 3 months Do not use in annuals or herbaceous perennials May be applied 4 weeks in advance of transplanting woody ornamentals Image - Ornamentals • Over-the-top – Junipers, Burford hollies, Helleri holly, Indian hawthorne, – Liriope, mondograss, hostas, Red tip photinia – Pachysandra, Asiatic & Confederate jasmine • Do not apply over root zone of non-listed ornamentals • Azalea, ligustrum, viburnum, pieris, abelia are severely injured by Image Dodder Dodder - Cuscuta spp. • • • • • • • Convolvulaceae (morningglory family) rootless, leafless parasitic annuals “yellow spaghetti” prolific seed producer germinates early spring 8 species known in Georgia wide host range on broadleaf plants Dodder Control - Ornamentals • Fumigate - Basamid • Casoron, Norosac - woody ornamentals, may be difficult to find • Dacthal - dropped by manufacturer • Kerb - woody ornamentals, Restricted Use Herbicide • Roundup, Finale