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Transcript 
Thoracic skeleton :
 Thoracic vertebrae
Sternum
Ribs
A. The spinal column
Vertebrae
Seven cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) neck
Twelve thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12upper
back
Five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5) lower back
Sacrum
Coccyx
Abnormal Curves
• Scoliosis-abnormal lateral
curve of more than 10°
• Kyphosis-exaggerated
thoracic curve
• Lordosis-accentuated
lumbar curve
lamina
transverse process
rib facet
pedicle
vertebral
foramen
body
spinous process
Vertebral
Parts
Discs
Disc Degeneration
T1
T9
T10
T10
T11
T12
T11
Typical Ribs
• Head
Articulates with 2 Demifacets
• Neck
• Tubercle
• Shaft
costal groove at inferior border
• Angle
• Anterior end
Rib
costal
groove
tubercle
shaft
neck
head
The first rib (R1): superior surface
Atypical ribs
Sternum
manubrium
Suprasternal
notch
clavicular
notch
sternal
angle
body
intercostal
space
xiphoid process
True Ribs (7 pairs)
False Ribs (5 pairs)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 Floating 4
1
5
2
3
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