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Realism vs. Liberalism: Which theory best explains the current world affairs? Aikerim Daurenbayeva Realism vs. Liberalism Laying out the basics Realism: The traditional path that emphasizes the centrality of the state on the world stage and the pursuit of national selfinterest above all else. Liberalism: The alternative path that emphasizes a more cooperative, globalist approach and the important role nonstate actors and instituions representing individuals or groups interests on the world stage. Realism and the Nature of Politics Influence of Thomas Hobbes and Hans Morgenthau: Conflict is inevitable Largely pessimistic: Humans are aggressive and self-serving, and they are unlikely to change Liberalism and the Nature of Politics Influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Humans join civil societies and cooperate to achieve mutual benefits. Human beings are not always evil and can learn The Roles of Power and Principles: Realism–an emphasis on power Power-based perspective–survival of the most powerful Emphasizes pragmatic, self-help policy prescriptions ‘Might makes right’ Liberalism–an emphasis on principles Based on cooperative and ethical standards Seeks to create policy norms of justice and peace Prospects for Competition and Cooperation Realism–realpolitik approach Place national interest first in international politics Practice balance-of-power politics Achieve peace through strength Liberalism–globalist approach Power is not the essence of international relations Power politics is futile and destructive Peace is achieved through cooperative relations Willingness to surrender some sovereignty to international structures promoting cooperation Assessing Reality: Realism and Liberalism Comparing the ability of realism or liberalism to explain world history Both realism and liberalism influence current policy Competition has dominated world history Realpolitik is the order of the day Thank you for attention!
