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What is Biology
• Study of LIFE & its
connections/interactions
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• We can group life into three
–Domain Bacteria
(newer bacteria)
–Domain Archaea
(ancient bacteria)
Figure 1.4A, B
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
domains:
–Domain Eukarya (Kingdom Protista,
K. Plantae, K. Fungi, K. Animalia)
Figure 1.4C-F
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Heirarchy of
organization
• Cell
ECOSYSTEM LEVEL
Eucalyptus forest
• Organism
• Population
COMMUNITY LEVEL
All organisms in
eucalyptus forest
ORGANISM LEVEL
Flying fox
POPULATION LEVEL
Group of flying foxes
Brain
• Community
• Ecosystem
• biosphere
ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
Nervous system
ORGAN LEVEL
Brain
Nerve
TISSUE LEVEL
Nervous
tissue
CELLULAR LEVEL
Nerve cell
MOLECULAR LEVEL
Molecule of DNA
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Spinal cord
Figure 1.1
• What does it mean to be living?
– made of Cells
– Order/organization
– Regulation & Homeostasis
– Growth and Development
– use of Energy from the environment
– Response to environmental stimuli
– ability to Reproduce
– show Evolutionary change
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• DNA
– Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
– made of units called nucleotides (the DNA “alphabet”)
• All life uses same alphabet, but makes different words
(genes = traits)
Figure 1.5B
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life
• Theory of evolution by natural selection
• populations of organisms with inherited
variations are exposed to environmental factors
that favor the success of some individuals over
others
– Adaptations to environment
• Survival of the Fittest!
Figure 1.6A
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• How do
organisms
evolve?
(1) Population with varied inherited traits
(2) Elimination of individuals with certain traits
• Editing mechanism Figure 1.6B
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
(3) Reproduction of survivors
• Why do organisms have such different traits?
– Evolution is based on adaptations
– Structure = function
– Function = survival
– SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST
Figure 1.6C
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Summarize:
• Energy
• Nutrients
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings