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Severe Weather Foldable COVER: 2 Name Period Date 1 Severe Weather: 3 Chapter 2, Section 3 Definition Small, intense weather systems that produce strong winds, heavy rain, lightning, and thunder. Thunderstorms Conditions/Regions Conditions: • Warm air • Moist air • More often in summer • Usually Cumulonimbus clouds Regions: • Worldwide Thunderstorms Formation • Warm, moist air rises rapidly in an unstable atmosphere Thunderstorms Aftermath • Flooding • Wind damage – branches, trees & roofs • Lightning damage Definition Lightning A large electrical discharge that occurs between two oppositely charged surfaces. Lightning Conditions/Regions Conditions: • Usually hot • Usually humid • More often in summer • Usually Cumulonimbus clouds Regions: • Worldwide Lightning Formation • Inside a thunderhead, electrical charges become separated. • Warm updrafts sweep positive charges aloft, leaving the bottom of the cloud negatively charged. Lightning Aftermath People: • Death – Heart attacks / 10% live • Burns • Memory loss Property: • Fire • Damage – explosive power • Ruin electrical products Definition Hailstorms Solid precipitation that falls as balls or lumps of ice. Nebraska, Colorado, and Wyoming usually have the most hail storms. The area where these three states meet is nicknamed “Hail Alley,” and averages seven to nine hail days per year. Hailstorms Conditions/Regions Conditions: • Spring & summer • Warm weather •Cumulonimbus clouds Regions: • Anywhere with warm air & moisture Hailstorms Formation • Updraft pulls rain drops up to freezing altitudes • They drop and add a layer of water and the process is repeated numerous times • At the point the hail becomes too heavy it falls to the ground According to the National Weather Service, the largest hailstone is 8 inches in diameter and weights approximately 2 pounds. It fell in Vivian, South Dakota on July 23, 2010 Hailstorms Aftermath • Broken windows • Dents in cars • Damage to roofs and siding of houses •Damage to crops •Injury to humans Estimating Hail Size Hail size is estimated by comparing it to a known object. Most hail storms are made up of a mix of sizes Pea = 1/4 inch diameter Marble = 1/2 inch diameter Dime/Penny = 3/4 inch diameter Nickel = 7/8 inch Quarter = 1 inch Ping-Pong Ball = 1 1/2 inch Golf Ball 1 3/4 inches Tennis Ball = = 2 1/2 inches Baseball = 2 3/4 inches Tea cup = 3 inches Grapefruit = 4 inches Softball = 4 1/2 inches This or larger = SEVERE Definition Tornado A small, rotating column of air that has high wind speeds and low central pressure and that touches the ground. Tornado Conditions/Regions Conditions: • Spring & Early summer • Cold dry air (Canada) meets warm, moist air (Tropics) Regions: • Most frequently in the Great Plains & Midwest • 75% are in the United States Tornado Formation • Wind travels in two different directions causes HORIZONTAL rotation • Updraft • Funnel cloud forms from vertical rotation • Funnel cloud becomes a tornado when it touches the ground Tornado Aftermath People: • Death – Number one cause is flying debris • Injuries from flying objects Property: • Severely damaged homes & buildings • Trees ripped out of the ground • Roads torn up • Crops destroyed • Cars damaged / overturned