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Chapter 10 Clickers
Natural Hazards
Fourth Edition
Hurricanes and
Extratropical
Cyclones
Tim Frazier
The University of Idaho
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cyclones are classified as tropical or extratropical based on
a) their sustained wind speeds and lowest atmospheric
pressure.
b) whether they originate in the Northern or Southern
Hemisphere.
c) their place of origin and temperature of their core region.
d) whether they stay in the tropics or move outside the tropics.
e) the direction of rotation and winds.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cyclones are classified as tropical or extratropical based on
a) their sustained wind speeds and lowest atmospheric
pressure.
b) whether they originate in the Northern or Southern
Hemisphere.
c) their place of origin and temperature of their core region.
d) whether they stay in the tropics or move outside the tropics.
e) the direction of rotation and winds.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Where is the cyclone in the figure located?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Anywhere on Earth, all cyclones are the same
Cannot tell from the figure
At the equator
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Where is the cyclone in the figure located?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Anywhere on Earth, all cyclones are the same
Cannot tell from the figure
At the equator
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is a difference between tropical and extratropical
cyclones?
a) Extratropical cyclones obtain their energy from the horizontal
temperature contrast between air masses on either side of a
front.
b) Tropical cyclones are much less destructive than extratropical
cyclones.
c) Extratropical cyclones obtain their energy from the warm
ocean water and latent heat that is released as rising air
condenses.
d) Tropical cyclones obtain their energy from the horizontal
temperature contrast between air masses on either side of a
front.
e) Extratropical cyclones form a spiraling pattern of clouds.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is a difference between tropical and extratropical
cyclones?
a) Extratropical cyclones obtain their energy from the
horizontal temperature contrast between air masses on
either side of a front.
b) Tropical cyclones are much less destructive than extratropical
cyclones.
c) Extratropical cyclones obtain their energy from the warm
ocean water and latent heat that is released as rising air
condenses.
d) Tropical cyclones obtain their energy from the horizontal
temperature contrast between air masses on either side of a
front.
e) Extratropical cyclones form a spiraling pattern of clouds.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is the classification and naming of cyclones often
debated?
a) Since all cyclones are named it becomes difficult to develop
new names each year.
b) Classification of a cyclone is only done after the storm ends.
c) It is a very subjective system that uses no scientific data.
d) The system varies from year to year, so there is no
consistency.
e) It is based on a combination of science, custom, and politics.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why is the classification and naming of cyclones often
debated?
a) Since all cyclones are named it becomes difficult to develop
new names each year.
b) Classification of a cyclone is only done after the storm ends.
c) It is a very subjective system that uses no scientific data.
d) The system varies from year to year, so there is no
consistency.
e) It is based on a combination of science, custom, and
politics.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
A hurricane category on the Saffir-Simpson Scale is
determined by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the average 1-minute wind speed.
the amount of damage done by the hurricane.
a combination of the wind speed and storm surge.
the value of the storm surge.
the size (diameter) of the storm.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
A hurricane category on the Saffir-Simpson Scale is
determined by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
the average 1-minute wind speed.
the amount of damage done by the hurricane.
a combination of the wind speed and storm surge.
the value of the storm surge.
the size (diameter) of the storm.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The most intense rainfall of a hurricane occurs
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
in the rain bands.
just outside the rain bands.
outermost wall.
in the eyewall.
in the eye.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The most intense rainfall of a hurricane occurs
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
in the rain bands.
just outside the rain bands.
outermost wall.
in the eyewall.
in the eye.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these is not a condition needed for a hurricane to
develop from a tropical storm?
a) Little vertical wind shear
b) Ample depth of warm water to provide energy
c) Close enough to the equator so the Coriolis effect is strong
enough to cause rotation
d) Fast enough cooling of the atmosphere from ocean surface
upward
e) Warm ocean waters at least 26 degrees C (~80 degrees F)
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these is not a condition needed for a hurricane to
develop from a tropical storm?
a) Little vertical wind shear
b) Ample depth of warm water to provide energy
c) Close enough to the equator so the Coriolis effect is
strong enough to cause rotation
d) Fast enough cooling of the atmosphere from ocean surface
upward
e) Warm ocean waters at least 26 degrees C (~80 degrees F)
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What have scientists discovered may help predict hurricane
intensity changes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
All of these have been used
Decrease in the eye size
Shift in direction
Increase in rain bands
Development of hot towers
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What have scientists discovered may help predict hurricane
intensity changes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
All of these have been used
Decrease in the eye size
Shift in direction
Increase in rain bands
Development of hot towers
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The band of warm moist air under “Pacific Ocean” in the
figure that can feed extratropical cyclones is referred to as
the
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
California Express stream.
Pineapple Express.
Pacific Express.
Pacific jet stream.
Subtropical jet stream.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The band of warm moist air under “Pacific Ocean” in the
figure that can feed extratropical cyclones is referred to as
the
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
California Express stream.
Pineapple Express.
Pacific Express.
Pacific jet stream.
Subtropical jet stream.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why was Hurricane Katrina so devastating to New Orleans
even though there was ample advance warning and
scientists had widely predicted a major hurricane would hit?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Overreliance on technology to protect lives and property
Failure in the design of levees and flood walls
It is complex and multifaceted – all of these are reasons
Social and psychological denial
Limited education of many of the residents in the affected
area
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why was Hurricane Katrina so devastating to New Orleans
even though there was ample advance warning and
scientists had widely predicted a major hurricane would hit?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Overreliance on technology to protect lives and property
Failure in the design of levees and flood walls
It is complex and multifaceted – all of these are reasons
Social and psychological denial
Limited education of many of the residents in the affected
area
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following U.S. states has the highest risk for
hurricanes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Louisiana
South Carolina
Alabama
New Jersey
Virginia
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following U.S. states has the highest risk for
hurricanes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Louisiana
South Carolina
Alabama
New Jersey
Virginia
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
From the given areas, which experiences the highest number
of hurricanes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
North Atlantic Ocean
Near the equator
Southeast Pacific Ocean
South Atlantic Ocean
Northwest Pacific Ocean
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
From the given areas, which experiences the highest number
of hurricanes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
North Atlantic Ocean
Near the equator
Southeast Pacific Ocean
South Atlantic Ocean
Northwest Pacific Ocean
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not an effect of cyclones?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Flooding
High winds
Storm surge
Land subsidence
Blizzards
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not an effect of cyclones?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Flooding
High winds
Storm surge
Land subsidence
Blizzards
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
In what part of a hurricane can you usually find the strongest
winds, precipitation, and storm surge for storms making
landfall in the northern hemisphere?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Left forward quadrant
Right forward quadrant
Left back quadrant
Right back quadrant
In the eye
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
In what part of a hurricane can you usually find the strongest
winds, precipitation, and storm surge for storms making
landfall in the northern hemisphere?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Left forward quadrant
Right forward quadrant
Left back quadrant
Right back quadrant
In the eye
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which would create a greater storm surge?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
High waves hitting the coast
Coastal water depth becomes deeper toward shore
Landfall of a hurricane during low tide
Coastal water depth becomes more shallow toward shore
None of these would create a large storm surge
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which would create a greater storm surge?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
High waves hitting the coast
Coastal water depth becomes deeper toward shore
Landfall of a hurricane during low tide
Coastal water depth becomes more shallow toward shore
None of these would create a large storm surge
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Most of the severe weather on the West Coast from San
Diego to Vancouver is caused by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Tornadoes developed in extratropical cyclones.
High winds and heavy rains from a hurricane after landfall.
Strong winds and heavy rains from tropical cyclones.
Blizzards developed in nor’easters.
Strong winds and heavy rains from extratropical cyclones.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Most of the severe weather on the West Coast from San
Diego to Vancouver is caused by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Tornadoes developed in extratropical cyclones.
High winds and heavy rains from a hurricane after landfall.
Strong winds and heavy rains from tropical cyclones.
Blizzards developed in nor’easters.
Strong winds and heavy rains from extratropical
cyclones.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a linkage between cyclones and other natural
hazards?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Tornadoes from storms that do not make landfall
Some of the fastest rates of coastal erosion
Devastating landslides in mountainous areas
Saltwater flooding from storm surge
Flash flooding due to already saturated soil
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a linkage between cyclones and other natural
hazards?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Tornadoes from storms that do not make landfall
Some of the fastest rates of coastal erosion
Devastating landslides in mountainous areas
Saltwater flooding from storm surge
Flash flooding due to already saturated soil
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is a natural service function of cyclones?
a) Move cold air from the polar regions to the tropics
b) Eliminate ecosystems by carrying plants, animals, and
microorganisms in the wind
c) Provide primary source of precipitation in many areas
d) Damage coastal areas so that further development will not
take place
e) None of these are natural service functions.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is a natural service function of cyclones?
a) Move cold air from the polar regions to the tropics
b) Eliminate ecosystems by carrying plants, animals, and
microorganisms in the wind
c) Provide primary source of precipitation in many areas
d) Damage coastal areas so that further development will not
take place
e) None of these are natural service functions.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a way human behavior has made cyclone
hazards more dangerous?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Building seawalls to protect property
Improperly attaching building materials
Expanding urban areas along the coastline
All of these behaviors can make cyclones more dangerous
Destruction of coastal dunes for building sites
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a way human behavior has made cyclone
hazards more dangerous?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Building seawalls to protect property
Improperly attaching building materials
Expanding urban areas along the coastline
All of these behaviors can make cyclones more
dangerous
e) Destruction of coastal dunes for building sites
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Once a hurricane has formed, which is not a prediction that
must be made by meteorologists?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
How wide an area it will affect
Who will need to evacuate
How much storm surge will accompany the hurricane
How strong the winds will be
If it will reach land
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Once a hurricane has formed, which is not a prediction that
must be made by meteorologists?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
How wide an area it will affect
Who will need to evacuate
How much storm surge will accompany the hurricane
How strong the winds will be
If it will reach land
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why have property damage costs associated with hurricanes
increased so dramatically if there is better forecasting?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
None of these are reasons for the increase in costs.
Building hurricane proof structures are not feasible.
The structure preparation before a storm is subpar.
People value their homes more on the coast.
The increase in coastal populations have put more property
in the hazard areas.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why have property damage costs associated with hurricanes
increased so dramatically if there is better forecasting?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
None of these are reasons for the increase in costs.
Building hurricane proof structures are not feasible.
The structure preparation before a storm is subpar.
People value their homes more on the coast.
The increase in coastal populations have put more
property in the hazard areas.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a way individuals can make adjustments for
hurricanes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Learn the evacuation routes
Prepare their homes and property
Evacuate the area immediately when a watch is issued
Have a preparedness kit
Know when the hurricane season is
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which is not a way individuals can make adjustments for
hurricanes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Learn the evacuation routes
Prepare their homes and property
Evacuate the area immediately when a watch is issued
Have a preparedness kit
Know when the hurricane season is
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.