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Cellular Structure & Function Cell Theory Anton Von Leeuwenhoek Created 1st light microscope Robert Hooke Coined the term “cells” – resembled little rooms in monastery Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden Stated that all plants are made of cells Theodor Schwann Stated that all animals are made of cells Cell Theory Robert Brown Discovers nucleus’(dark center)role in division Rudolf Virchow See & describe cell division Cell Theory 1. 2. 3. All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function. All cells come from preexisting cells. Prokaryotic Cells Simplest cell No nucleus or organelles Contains cell wall/membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, genetic material Ex: bacteria Eukaryotic Cells True Cells – those containing a nucleus Ex: Plant & animal cells CELL WALL FOUND – plants FUNCTION – rigid support & protection & movement of H20 & gasses STRUCTURE – 3 layers Pectin; glue Cellulose Lignin CELL MEMBRANE FOUND – both plants & animals FUNCTION – regulates in/out cell STRUCTURE – 2 layers of lipids & protein “doorways” NUCLEUS FOUND – both plants & animals FUNCTION – control center of cell STRUCTURE – Nucleolus (center) Chromatin N. (DNA) envelope (outer) CYTOPLASM FOUND – both plants & animals FUNCTION –; holds all organelles in place & site chemical rxns STRUCTURE – gel-like material (colloid) MITOCHONDRIA FOUND – both plants & animals FUNCTION – make energy STRUCTURE – shaped like kidney bean Cristae – inner membranes RIBOSOMES FOUND – both plants & animals FUNCTION – make protein STRUCTURE – composed of protein & RNA Free-floating Attached ER ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM FOUND – both plants & animals FUNCTION – transportation STRUCTURE – Rough ER; ribosomes attached – moves proteins Smooth ER; no ribosomes – makes & moves lipids GOLGI APPARATUS FOUND – both plants & animals FUNCTION – package & distribute proteins & produce lysosomes STRUCTURE – resembles stack of pancakes CHLOROPLAST FOUND – plants FUNCTION – converts light energy chemical energy site of photosynthesis STRUCTURE – Grana (PSN membranes) Stroma space) (surrounding LYSOSOME FOUND – animals FUNCTION – dispose unwanted materials STRUCTURE – filled with digestive enzymes VACUOLE FOUND – both plants & animals FUNCTION – water storage STRUCTURE – Plants – 1 large Animals small – several PLASTID FOUND – plants FUNCTION – stores pigments (color) & food (starch) STRUCTURE – hollow sac surrounded by double membrane & contain own DNA CYTOSKELETON FOUND – animals FUNCTION – support & movement STRUCTURE – Microfilaments (muscle contractions) Microtubules (internal scaffolding) Cillia (external hairs help move) Flagella (tail aids in movement)
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