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BRF Kredit headquarters
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions
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Architect: KHR A/S
Building presentation (1...)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions
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Building presentation (2...)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring







Conclusions
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BRF-kredit is a financing institute for property mortgages
The company Headquarters is located in Lyngby, about 10 kilometres
north of Copenhagen City.
The office building was completed in 1986
The main building has four storeys and incorporate an atrium
The building consists of a main building and three office blocks
(block 2, 3 and 4)
The buildings are linked together
At the connection points between the buildings there are staircases and
lifts
Building presentation (3...)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
N
Office block
4 4
Office
block
Mainbuilding
building
Main
Office block 3
Office block 3
Office
block
Office block
2 2
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Main building
Office block 2
Building presentation (4...)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring

Conclusions
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The main building
has four storeys and
incorporate an
atrium
Building presentation (5...)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring

Conclusions
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
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Each office has a barrel-vaulted
central arcade
Rooms on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd floors
open onto this space
There is no access of daylight to the
circulation area of the ground floor
Building presentation (6...)
sectional view
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions
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Skylights
The barrel -vaulted
central arcade is
open through 1st, 2nd
and 3rd floor
Building presentation (7...)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring

Of the total floor area of 20.000 m2




The structural components include




Conclusions

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10.000 m2 (50%) is offices and meeting rooms
6.000 m2 (30%) is circulation area
4.000 m2 is toilets, cloakrooms and service area
a vertical supporting system of reinforced concrete columns
reinforced concrete girders at the balconies
prefabricated facades
The facades of the building have a brickwork finish
The windows have aluminium frames and are triple-glazed (standard float
glass).
The windows in the skylights are double-glazed units
Building presentation (8|)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions

The facades of the building have a brickwork finish

From the outside the building appears very compact
and rather closed, but …

…from the inside it is very open and welcoming,due
mainly to the large daylit circulation areas with
skylights.
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Ventilation strategy (1...)
for summer comfort
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring

In summertime the risk of overheating is reduced by intensive ventilation:
 High levels of natural ventilation. The ventilation is based on the
occupants use of multi-position windows - so-called tilt and turn
windows - in conjunction with the automatically skylights.
 The intensive ventilation of the offices is based on cross ventilation
and single sided ventilation (when the internal doors are closed).
 When Tint. < 25°C the skylights are automatically opened at which
point stack effects become one of the driving natural forces.
 For security reasons all the windows on the ground floor and the 1 st
floor must be closed at night. In this zone of the building, the intensive
ventilation is only used during day-time.

Automatically controlled external solar shading will help to reduce the risk
of overheating from solar radiation.
Conclusions
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Ventilation strategy (2...)
for summer comfort
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
DAYTIME
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Skylights:
Automatically controlled
windows (open when
Tint.<25°C) and exterior
shading devices
Offices:
Manually operated multiposition windows and
automatically controlled
exterior blinds
Ventilation strategy (3...)
for summer comfort
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
DAYTIME:
skylights open
Conclusions
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Ventilation strategy (4...)
for summer comfort
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
NIGHTTIME
Windows can be left
open
Windows must be
closed (for security
reasons)
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Offices:
Manually operated multi-position
windows and automatically
controlled exterior blinds
Internal doors must be
closed (for security
reasons)
Ventilation strategy (5...)
for indoor air quality
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring

Indoor air quality during
office hours in winter and
summer time is controlled by
the occupants:
 Occupants can improve
the air quality by
opening the windows.
 There is no automatic
control related to the
IAQ.
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In the offices there are
manually operated multiposition windows (so-called
tilt and turn windows) and ...
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Technology (6...)
shading devices - offices
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
In some offices the
occupants have installed
internal blinds
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… automatically
controlled exterior
Venetian blinds
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Technology (7...)
shading devices - offices
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions

Control:
 The exterior Venetian blinds in front of the office windows are
automatically controlled by light sensors.
 The Venetian blinds can also be operated on an individual basis.
However, after a given period the automatic control overrides any
manual adjustments. After some time the position will be changed
according to the automatic control system.
 In addition to the up/down operation of the blinds the control system
can set the angle of the slats to one or two positions according to
the altitude of the sun.

Security:
 For security reasons the Venetian blinds will close automatically at
20.00 hours and remain fully closed at night. Even if the blinds are
closed they do not impede the flow of outdoor air through an open
window.
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Technology (8...)
shading and ventilation - arcade rooms
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions

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The central arcades have
automatically controlled
skylights
Technology (9|)
shading and ventilation - arcade rooms
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Exterior shading
device
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

No shading
Temperatures in the roof-space are monitored and the
skylights are opened accordingly.
The exterior shading is controlled with the aid of light sensors.
There are individual light sensors for each of the four
orientations of the skylights
Monitored offices
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring

Four offices on the third floor of office block 3 were
chosen for monitoring:

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

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Office 1: 25 m2 cellular office
Office 2: 12 m2 cellular office
Office 3: 12 m2 cellular office
Office 4: 50 m2 open plan office, 8 persons
Office 1, 2 and 3 are facing essentially east, office 4
N
is a corner office facing south-west
Office 2
Office 3
Office 1
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Office 4
Summer monitoring (1...)
35
Tint.
30
25
20
15
Text.
10
NatVent
Mon 29.09.97
Mon 22.09.97
Mon 15.09.97
Mon 08.09.97
Mon 01.09.97
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Mon 25.08.97
0
Mon 18.08.97
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Mon 11.08.97
5
Mon 04.08.97
Conclusions
The internal temperatures is often > 25°C
and sometimes > 28°C.
Mon 28.07.97
Temperature (°C).
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Indoor (average of 4 offices) & outdoor
temperatures during three months period
Summer monitoring (2...)
NatVent
25
20
15
10
Air Supply
Text.
5
Fri 08.08.97
Thu 07.08.97
Wed 06.08.97
Tue 05.08.97
Mon 04.08.97
0
Sun 03.08.97
weekend
Sat 02.08.97
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30
Fri 01.08.97
More
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Intensive ventilation is only applied during office
hours (not at night and at weekends).
Tint.
Thu 31.07.97
Conclusions
35
Wed 30.07.97
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Temperature [°C], Air supply [l·s-1 ·m-2 ]
results of measurements in office 2
Summer monitoring (3...)
Tint.
30
20
300
200
Air Supply
10
100
Fri 08.08.97
Thu 07.08.97
Wed 06.08.97
Tue 05.08.97
Mon 04.08.97
0
Sun 03.08.97
0
CO2-concentration (ppm)
CO2-conc.
Sat 02.08.97
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400
Fri 01.08.97
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40
Thu 31.07.97
Conclusions
50
The IAQ during office hours is good: The CO2 concentrations are very low: max.450 ppm500
(= far
below the limit concentration of 1200ppm)
Wed 30.07.97
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Temperature (°C), Air supply (l.s-1.m-2)
results of measurements in office 2
The air supply during office hours is very high (intensive ventilation). This leads to low CO 2 - concentration.
There is no ventilation outside office hours and at weekends for security reasons.
NatVent
Summer monitoring (4...)
Questionnaires
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions
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In addition to the measurements, the occupants filled in two questionnaires
concerning their views on various environmental conditions in their
office. One questionnaire concerned the summer season in general
and the other concerned one week in particular (in the summer
season), namely the one in which the questionnaires were handed out.
Each occupant indicated his/her rating of each of the conditions
(temperature, air movement etc.) by placing vertical marks on
dimensionless, horizontal lines of equal length ranging from most
positive (comfortable, fresh etc.) to most negative (uncomfortable,
stuffy etc.). The rating is quantified by measuring (in millimetres) the
distance along each line from most positive to the occupant’s mark.
For practical purposes, the ratings have been converted into the range
0-100.
The next slide summarises the occupants ratings of the summer season in
general.
NatVent
Summer monitoring (5...)
Questionnaires
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions
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Averages of about 100 occupants ratings of various environmental
conditions in their office during the summer season
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature
Temperature
Comfortable
64 Uncomfortable
Air
movement
Air
movement
Comfortable
65 Uncomfortable
Air quality
Air quality
Fresh
Odour intensity
Odour
intensity
Odourless
Acceptability
Acceptability
Acceptable
Light
Light
Satisfactory
Noise
Noise
Satisfactory
Overall comfort
Overall
comfort
Satisfactory
NatVent
56
38
Stuffy
Smelly
45
32
Not acceptable
Unsatisfactory
Unsatisfactory
41
48
Unsatisfactory
Summer monitoring (6|)
Findings
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions

Thermal comfort:
 During a three week period in the month of August, the indoor
temperature (average of simultaneous recordings in four offices) was
constantly above 25°C. On extreme days the indoor temperature
peaked close to 30°C.
 Lower temperatures could be achieved by introducing night time
ventilation. The impact of this can be significant when external air
temperatures are low.

The IAQ is good due to the intensive day ventilation.

Questionnaires: The occupants reported some dissatisfaction regarding
the indoor temperature (being too high) and internal air movements (being
too low).
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Winter monitoring (1...)
30
Tint.
25
20
15
10
5
NatVent
Mon 29.12.97
Mon 22.12.97
Mon 15.12.97
Mon 08.12.97
-5
Mon 01.12.97
More
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Text.
Mon 24.11.97
0
Mon 17.11.97
Conclusions
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The internal temperatures are between 20 and 23°C
and drops to 17°C at weekends
Mon 10.11.97
Temperature (°C).
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Indoor (average of 4 offices) & outdoor
temperatures during a two months period
Winter monitoring (2...)
CO2 concentration
The IAQ during office hours is good: The
CO2 - concentrations are below the limit
concentration of 1200ppm.
1200
Indoor
CO2-conc.
1000
NatVent
400
At weekend the internal CO2 concentration equals outdoor
CO2 - concentration
200
Outdoor
CO2-conc.
Mon 24.11.97
Sun 23.11.97
Sat 22.11.97
Fri 21.11.97
Thu 20.11.97
Wed 19.11.97
Tue 18.11.97
Mon 17.11.97
0
Sun 16.11.97
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600
Sat 15.11.97
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800
Fri 14.11.97
Conclusions
CO2 concentration indoors and outdoors. Indoor CO2 is averaged from
recordings taken simultaneously in office 1, 2, 3 and 4)
CO2-concentration (ppm)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Winter monitoring (3...)
results of measurements in office 2
NatVent
Tint.
400
20
The air supply during office hours is sufficient  The IAQ
is acceptable (CO2 - conc.< 1200ppm.). There are no
ventilation losses outside office hours
10
200
Air
supply.
0
Mon 24.11.97
Sun 23.11.97
Sat 22.11.97
Fri 21.11.97
Thu 20.11.97
Wed 19.11.97
Tue 18.11.97
Mon 17.11.97
0
CO2-concentration (ppm)
800
600
30
Sun 16.11.97
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Sat 15.11.97
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Indoor
CO2-conc.
Fri 14.11.97
Conclusions
1000
50
Temperature (°C), Air supply (l.s-1.m-2)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Winter monitoring (4...)
Questionnaires
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions
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In addition to the measurements, the occupants filled in two questionnaires
concerning their views on various environmental conditions in their
office. One questionnaire concerned the winter season in general
and the other concerned one week in particular (in the winter
season), namely the one in which the questionnaires were handed out.
Each occupant indicated his/her rating of each of the conditions
(temperature, air movement etc.) by placing vertical marks on
dimensionless, horizontal lines of equal length ranging from most
positive (comfortable, fresh etc.) to most negative (uncomfortable,
stuffy etc.). The rating is quantified by measuring (in millimetres) the
distance along each line from most positive to the occupant’s mark.
For practical purposes, the ratings have been converted into the range
0-100.
The next slide summarises the ratings concerning the winter season in
general.
NatVent
Winter monitoring (5...)
Questionnaires
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions
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Averages of about 100 occupants ratings of various environmental
conditions in their office during the winter season
0
20
Temperature
Temperature
Comfortable
movement
AirAir
movement
Comfortable
Air quality
Air quality
Fresh
Odour
Odourintensity
intensity
Odourless
Acceptability
Acceptability
Acceptable
Light
Light
Satisfactory
Noise
Noise
Satisfactory
Overall comfort
Overall comfort
NatVent
Satisfactory
40
60
80
46
Uncomfortable
55
Uncomfortable
62
45
41
36
100
Stuffy
Smelly
Not acceptable
Unsatisfactory
41
45
Unsatisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Winter monitoring (6|)
Findings
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring

During the winter, the indoor conditions are comfortable:
 During occupancy periods, indoor temperatures were between 20 and
23 ºC, the CO2-concentrations were between 1000 and 1200 ppm
and in office 2, given here as an example, the fresh air supplied gave
about 7 air changes per hour.
 Out of office hours the indoor temperature dropped to 17-18 ºC, the
CO2-concentration to near background level, 400 ppm, and the air
supply to nearly zero (= no ventilation losses).

Questionnaires
 The Indications are that the occupants found the indoor environment
to be more comfortable during the winter-time than in the summertime.
 In the summer-time, thermal comfort is more critical than during the
winter.
Conclusions
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Conclusions (1...)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Findings from summer monitoring
Thermal comfort in summer:
 During a three week period in the month of August, the indoor
temperature (average of simultaneous recordings in four offices) was
constantly above 25°C. On extreme days the indoor temperatures
peaked close to 30°C.
Conclusions
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
Lower temperatures could be achieved by introducing night-time
ventilation. The impact of this can be significant when external air
temperatures are low.

At the present time, night ventilation is not applied for security
reasons. This problem could be solved by installing burglar-proof
ventilation grilles in the facade. Also the problem of closed internal
doors can be solved by installing transfer grilles above the internal
doors.
Conclusions (2|)
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Conclusions
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Findings from winter monitoring
Winter indoors conditions are comfortable:
 During occupancy periods, indoor temperatures were about 20 and
23ºC, the CO2-concentration between 1000 and 1200 ppm and in
office 2, given here as an example, the fresh air supply gave about 7
air change per hour.
 Out of office hours the indoor temperatures dropped to 17-18ºC, the
CO2-concentration to near background level, 400 ppm, and the air
supply to nearly zero (= no ventilation losses).
Questionnaires
 The indications are that the occupants found the indoor environment
to be more comfortable during the winter-time than in the summertime.
 Regarding air quality, the occupants rated summer conditions higher
than winter conditions.
NatVent
More information...
BRF Kredit
Building
Presentation
of the building
Ventilation
strategy &
technology
Monitoring
set-up
Summer
monitoring
Winter
monitoring
Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\dk2summ.pdf
 global presentation of the buildings (4p./building)
 contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions
\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\dk2det.pdf
 detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign)
 contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions
Conclusions
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You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader
®3.0. Program. This program is free.
Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR
run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory
\Installation