Download 5th Grade Math Vocabulary Note Cards

5th Grade Math Note Cards
I use white index cards that I single hole punched in the upper left corner and use a color marker to put a
colored line across the bottom for each strand (example red- geometry, green- measurement- bluenumbers and operations, orange- data and graphing and yellow- algebra). If colored index cards are in the
budget that would be easier.
Have students cut out cards and glue them onto the index cards, connecting them all together on a key
ring. Additional cards can be added easily and it is also easy to isolate individual strands.
Hope it helps.
Ann McCoy
5th Grade Teacher
Hunter Elementary
"Together We Can"
DATA and GRAPHING
Types of graphs:
4
Line graph- shows the changes in data over
time, one of the axis will show a unit of time
Pictograph- uses sets of pictures to represent
information; look for and use the KEY
Bar- uses horizontal or vertical bars to show
More Types of graphs:
line plot data is placed on a number line
represented by symbols
4
Stem-and-leaf- larger place values (ex.10s,
100s) are the stems and numbers in the 1s place
are the leaves
Circle- pie chart- divides a circle to show info
information.
Maximum- the largest number
4
Minimum- the smallest number
Range- subtract the smallest number from the
largest
Mode- most often used number
Median- the middle number; line the numbers
up from smallest to largest and cross off on
each end until you reach the middle number
DECIMALS:
1
Think of decimals as money to help you
compare and order them; can add zeros to end
of number to make all go to same place value.
Line up you decimals when you add or
subtract them; put zeros into empty spaces so
that all numbers go to the same place value.
PATTERNS:
5
* Data is often organized in T-charts
* Look for relationships between the numbers
or symbols: Are they increasing (addition or
multiplication)? Are they decreasing
(subtraction or division)?
*When you think you have found the correct
pattern- always check and be sure it works!
LINES:
3
Line- a straight path that goes on forever
in both directions; has no endpoints
Line segment- a straight line between two
points, called its endpoints
Ray- a straight line that has one endpoint
and goes on forever in the other direction
Parallel lines- lines that never meet or
cross, and they stay the same distance
apart
Intersecting lines- lines that cross or
meet
Perpendicular lines- lines that cross or
meet at 90 angles; forming right angles
ANGLES:
3
Angles- formed by 2 rays or line segments,
share the same endpoint- called the vertex
Three main types of angles:
Acute- measures less than 90 degrees
Right- measures exactly 90 degrees
Obtuse- measures more than 90 but less
than 180 degrees
Other types of angles:
3
Straight angle- measures exactly 180 degreeslooks like a straight line
Reflex angle- measures between 180 and 360
degrees
Complementary angles- two angles that make
a right (90 ) angle
Supplementary angles- two angles that make a
straight (180 ) angle
Types of triangles by length of sides:
3
Scalene- all 3 side are different lengths
TRIANGLES:
3
A polygon with 3 sides, 3 vertices (corners) and
3 angles.
The sum of its interior angles is 180 degrees
Types of triangles by angles:
Acute triangle- all angles are acute (< 90 )
Obtuse- one angle is more than 90 degrees
Right- one angle is exactly 90 degrees
Equilateral- all angles are 60 degrees each
MORE ON TRIANGLES:
3
*To find the measure of the third angle in a
triangle when given the other two angles:
1. Add the two angles you are given
2. Subtract that sum from 180
3
Isosceles- at least two sides are the same length
Equilateral- all 3 sides are the same length
* a equilateral triangle is also an isosceles triangle
because at least 2 sides are the same length
*To find out if 3 lengths can make a triangle:
Add the two smaller numbers together. If that
sum is more than the largest number, then yes!
QUADRILATERALS:
3
A polygon with 4 sides, 4 vertices (corners),
and 4 angles
The sum of its interior angles is 360 degrees
Types of quadrilaterals:
Square- all sides same length, all right angles,
2 pairs/sets of parallel lines
Rectangle- opposite sides are the same length,
all right angles, 2 pairs/sets of parallel lines
More types of quadrilaterals:
3
Rhombus- all sides same length, opposite
angles are equal, 2 pairs of parallel lines
Parallelogram- have 2 pairs/sets of
parallel sides, opposite sides are
equal/congruent. Squares, rectangles, and
rhombus are all types of parallelograms;
More types of quadrilaterals:
3
Trapezoid- has exactly one pair/set of
parallel lines
Kite- has two pairs of equal sides. The
equal sides are next to each other. All four
sides can not be the same length; does not
have any pairs/sets of parallel lines
OTHER POLYGONS:
Pentagon- 5 sides, 5 vertices and 5 angles
Hexagon- 6 sides, 6 vertices and 6 angles
Octagon- 8 sides, 8 vertices and 8 angles
3
You can find the sum of the interior angles of
any polygon by using formula: (n-2) x 180,
where n = the number of sides of the polygon.
Steps to solving conversion problems:
2
1. Set up your problem - what unit are you
changing to what other unit?
2. Write the conversion for the units under the
problem (same unit under the same unit in
problem)
3. Either a) multiply if going from a smaller to
larger number or b) divide if going from a larger
to a smaller number to solve
Example: Sue picked 5 kilograms of apples. 2
About how many pounds did she pick?
Diagonals: lines drawn from one
3
vertex to a non-adjacent vertex (the
vertices can not be beside each other)
Triangles- have no diagonals
All quadrilaterals- have 2 diagonals
Squares, rhombus and kites always have
perpendicular diagonals
Pentagons- have 5 diagonals; form a star
Kids Have Dropped Under
Desks Converting Metrics!
Regular polygons- all sides are the
3
same length and all the angles are the
same size
Other terms to know:
Congruent: same shape and the same size
Similar: same shape but not the same size
Adjacent: next to each other
2
K
H
D
U
D
C
M
Kilo hecto deca unit deci centi milli
1000 100 10
1
.1
.01 .001
5 kg = ____ pounds (I am changing kg to lbs)
meter
gram
liter
5 x 2.2 = 11 pounds ( I’m going from a smaller
1 kg = 2.2 pounds (this is the conversion rule)
number “1” to a larger number “2.2” so I multiply
to solve.)
MEASUREMENT- LENGTH
2
Customary (US)
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
36 inches = 1 yard
5,280 feet = 1 mile
MEASUREMENT- WEIGHT
Customary (US)
16 ounces = 1 pound
2,000 pounds = 1 ton
Metric- main unit is METER
10 millimeters = 1 centimeter
1000 millimeters = 100 centimeters = 1 meter
1000 meters = 1 kilometer
Metric- main unit is GRAM
1000 milligrams = 1 gram
100 centigrams = 1 gram
1000 grams = 1 kilogram
MEASUREMENT- CAPACITY/VOLUME
Customary (US)
8 fluid (liquid) ounces = 1 cup
* See the “BIG G” on back
Metric- main unit is LITER
1000 milliliters = 1 liter
100 centiliters = 1 liter
1000 grams = 1 kilogram
2
CONVERSIONS BETWEEN
CUSTOMARY AND METRIC:
1 inch is about 2.5 cm
1 yard is about 1 meter
1 mile is about 1.6 km
1 kilometer is about .6 mile
1 quart is about 1 liter
1 ounce is about 28 grams
1 kilogram is about 2.2 pounds
2
2
FOUR MAIN OPERATIONS:
1
Addition- the answer is called the sum
Addition words: altogether, in all, sum, how
many, total
Subtraction- the answer is called the difference
Subtraction words- how many more than,
decrease, reduce, less than, are left, change,
find the difference
Division- the answer is called the quotient
Division words: per, each
1
Divide when you are given a total and the
problem asks you to separate or divide into
equal parts; when you divide amounts get
smaller
Multiplication- the answer is called
the product.
1
Multiplication words: each, per, twice, double;these words are combined with addition words.
Multiply when you are given a set of something
with the same amount in each set; when you
multiply amounts get bigger.
ESTIMATION:
1
Use rounding to help you estimate. Round
to the largest place in your number, unless
you are given a specific place (ex. nearest
whole number).
Estimation words: round, about, almost,
nearest, approximately, at least
ROUNDING STEPS:
1
1.Underline the place you are rounding- the number
can only do 2 things- go up by 1 or stay the same.
2. Look at the number to the right- if that number is
a 0,1,2,3 or 4, the number you are rounding will
stay the same. If it is a 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 it’ll go up by 1
3. Everything behind the number you’re rounding
becomes zeros. Everything in front of the number
stays the same, unless rounding a 9 to 10.
ORDER OF OPERATIONS:
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
P- Parenthesis
E- Exponent
M- Multiplication
D- Division
A- Addition
S- Subtraction
FRACTIONS
1
Numerator- top number; this number answers
the question (how many are…red, shaded?
Denominator- bottom number; tells how many
parts your whole has been divided into
Improper Fraction: Numerator is bigger than the
denominator.
Mixed Numbers: have a whole number and a
fraction
Adding and Subtracting Fractions:
1
You can only add or subtract fractions when
they have the same denominator!
Comparing Fractions:
1
If the NUMERATORS are the same- the larger
the denominator the smaller the fraction
If the DENOMINATORS are the same- just
look at the numerators and put them in order
To Find a Common Denominator:
1. Ask: Is my smaller denominator a factor of my
larger denominator? If yes, use the larger.
2. Find the Quick Common Denominator
Find the lowest common multiple- LCM
1. First ask: Is my numerator a factor of my
denominator? If yes- can simplify in one
step!
2. If it is not, then use you prime numbers (2, 3,
5, 7, 11) to help you simplify
1
To make equivalent fractions- multiply or
divide the numerator and the denominator by
the same number.
Simplifying Fractions
1
Divide the numerator and the denominator by
the same number until you can not anymore.