Download Chapter Thirteen

Chapter Thirteen
The Sexual Body in Health and
Illness
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Living in Our Bodies
• Sexual health is the state of physical,
emotional, mental, and social well-being
related to sexuality; it is not merely the
absence of disease, dysfunction, or
infirmity (WHO, 2002)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sexual Health Definition
• Requires a positive and respectful approach
to sexuality and sexual relationships
• Requires possibility of having pleasurable
and safe sexual experiences, free of
coercion, discrimination, and violence
• May contradict societal and personal
expectations
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Is Health Incongruent with
Seeking Perfection?
• Penis augmentation
• Breast implantation
• What other procedures are routinely
performed for cosmetic vs. therapeutic
reasons in the U.S?
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Eating Disorders
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Common among certain athletic groups
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia
Binge eating disorder
Retreating from sexuality
Treatment strategies
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Anorexia Nervosa
• Characterized by an all-controlling
desire for thinness
– Distorted image of ones own body
– Diet (and sometimes exercise) obsessively
– Sexual dysfunction often accompanies
anorexia
• Amenorrhea
• May not achieve secondary sex
characteristics
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorder
• Both are characterized by uncontrolled
overeating
– People with bulimia purge by vomiting,
dieting, exercising excessively, or taking
laxatives
– People with binge eating disorder may
overeat without the purging
• Many people with eating disorders are
ambivalent toward their bodies and
their sexual natures in general
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Anabolic Steroids
• Used to promote the fast development
of skeletal muscle
• Used to enhance body image and
athletic performance
• May occur in non-athletes
• Can cause serious and permanent body
damage
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Alcohol, Drugs, and Sexuality
• Drugs and alcohol are commonly
perceived as enhancers of sexuality
– They rarely enhance sexual performance
– Alcohol decreases the ability of men and
women to become physically aroused
– Effect of disinhibition, activating
behaviors that would otherwise be
suppressed
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Alcohol, Drugs, and Sexuality
• Used by some to give themselves
permission to be sexual
– Increases exposure to risky sexual
situations
– Alcohol use is a significant factor in sexual
violence of all types
– Plays a role in 90% of rapes and sexual
assaults
– Binge drinking by college students
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Other Drug Use and Sexuality
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Aphrodisiacs
Marijuana
Amyl nitrate
Cantharides
Priapism
Ecstasy
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sexuality and Aging: Women
• Perimenopause: menstrual periods become
irregular prior to menopause
• Menopause: complete cessation of
menstruation
• Hot flash: period of intense warmth, flushing,
and perspiration
• Osteoporosis: loss of bone mass
• Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy (PHT)
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sexuality and Aging: Men
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Refractory period is extended
Decrease in testosterone production
Benign prostate hypertrophy
Testosterone supplement
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sexuality and Disability
• A wide range of disabilities and physical
limitations can affect sexuality
• People with these disabilities need
support and education so they can
enjoy their full sexual potential
• Men and women with disabilities differ
in the self view of sexuality identity
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Physical Limitations
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Spinal cord injury
Changing expectations
Vision and hearing impairment
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Arthritis
Developmental disability
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sexuality and Cancer: Women
• Breast cancer
– Mammogram: low-dose X-ray of the breast to
detect cancer
– Mastectomy: surgical removal of the breast
– Lumpectomy: surgical removal of the tumor
and lymph nodes
– Breast reconstruction or implant surgery
• Cervical cancer
– Cervical dysplasia: condition that may lead to
cancer
• Pap test: test for detection of cervical
cancer
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sexuality and Cancer: Women
• Ovarian cancer
– Oophorectomy—removal of one or both
ovaries
• Uterine cancer
– Hysterectomy—surgical removal of uterus
• Vaginal cancer
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Sexuality and Cancer: Men
• Prostate cancer
– Detection
– Treatment
• Testicular cancer
– Detection
– Treatment
• Penile cancer
• Breast cancer
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Other Sexual Health Issues
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Toxic shock syndrome
Endometriosis
Anal cancer
Lesbian women’s health issues
Prostatitis
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Summary
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Living in our bodies
Alcohol, drugs, and sexuality
Sexuality and aging
Sexuality and disability
Sexuality and cancer
Other sexual health issues
Copyright ©2008 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.