Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Ch. 10-1 General - Multicellular (cell tissue organ organ system organism) - eukaryote - heterotroph - most reproduce sexually - move from place to place to get food, escape danger, reproduce; some don’t move Needs - water for chemical reactions, controlling temperature, keeping size/shape of cell, carrying substances - food for energy/raw materials for growth and repair of tissues - oxygen for breaking down food to release energy (cellular respiration); some get it from air, others from water. - response to stimuli - adaptation: characteristic that helps an animal survive and reproduce ~ adaptations for getting food: herbivore eats plants cow, horse, panda, broad, flat teeth for grinding grasshopper carnivore eats meat; wolf sharp claws, speed, excellent many are hearing/eyesight, sharp teeth, predators some sit and wait, some blend feeding on into environment prey omnivore eats both human, bear plants and meat ~ adaptations for escaping danger hard shells, spiny skin, “play dead”, stingers, claws, bittertasting flesh, smelly spray Classification: 35 phyla based on the presence of backbone (vertebrate, ex. fish, human, frog, snake, bird) or absence of backbone (invertebrate, ex. snail, crab, insect) Ch. 10-2 Symmetry (balanced arrangement ) Bilateral Symmetry - “mirror image’ - one line of symmetry - larger - more complex - front end goes first as it moves - moves quicker and more efficiently because they have streamlined bodies and sense organs in the front - ex. human Radial Symmetry - “circular” - many lines of symmetry - smaller - less complex - don’t have distinct front and end parts - most don’t move fast; they either stay in one spot or move by currents or creep on the bottom of the ocean (most live in water) - have sense of touch and taste - ex. starfish Ch. 10-3 Sponges – Phylum Porifera stay in one place have irregular shapes/no symmetry don’t have complex tissues and organs feed on food particles strained from water get oxygen from water by osmosis wastes are excreted into water by osmosis have spikes which are tough for support and produce irritating substances for protection have sexual and asexual reproduction - sexual: no separate sexes; produce eggs at one time and sperm at another; water needed for sperm to swim to egg; larva are the immature young that do not look like the adult since they can swim - asexual: budding Cnidarians: ex. jellyfish, sea anemone, coral, hydra have tentacles with stinging cells for catching prey and protection have hollow central cavity for food carnivores have specialized tissues for movement and response to environment; some can’t move have radial symmetry have both sexual and asexual reproduction - sexual: both female and male; others separate sexes - asexual: budding coral reefs are built by cnidarians after they die when their skeletons are left behind. Over many years, they harden and form the reefs which become shelter to fish and invertebrates. Ch. 10-4 Worms General - are invertebrates - have long, narrow body with no legs - have bilateral symmetry - have specialized tissues, organs; have brain, sense organs - reproduction: sexual: separate sexes or both in one asexual: break into pieces or regeneration (regrowing body parts) Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms: ex. planarian, fluke, tapeworm General - are soft, flat - size varies, most too small to see - most are parasites ex. tapeworm; others are scavengers ex. planarian that feeds on dead/decaying; some are predator carnivores ex. planarian - free-living ones live in damp soil, on rocks, or swim in the ocean - digestive system with one opening (2 ways) - the planarian eats by inserting a feeding tube into the food, breaking down the food with digestive juices, and then sucking the food in to complete digestion Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms: ex. hookworm, trichina - have cylindrical bodies - are tiny - are carnivores, others are herbivores, some are parasites like the hookworm - live in moist environments - digestive system with 2 openings (1 way); advantage is that the body uses food more efficiently enabling large amounts of food to be absorbed. - most abundant animals Phylum Annelida: Segmented Worms: ex. earthworm, leech, seafloor worm General - have long, narrow, segmented bodies - bigger - some are parasites, ex. leech (sucks blood); most are sit and wait predators, the earthworm is a scavenger - live in burrows, moist places, water - have one-way digestive systems with 2 openings have closed circulatory system with blood vessels; advantage is that blood moves faster and the animal can be larger and more active - Earthworm ~ has moist skin through which oxygen enters ~ has well-developed muscles and stiff bristles on segments to crawl ~ helps our gardens because it is a decomposer, breaks the soil, aerates it, and adds nutrients through its droppings