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Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (aka Mitosis) Let's Review Two identical daughter cells were created to ensure growth and repair. Interphase: Where DNA replicates Mitosis: Two identical nuclei Cytokinesis: Two Identical daughter cells with 46 chromosomes Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Think: What might happen if two daughter cells combined? Yes, we would end up with a cell that has 2x the number of chromosomes. Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Somatic cells are a fancy name for the regular cells (body cells) we studied in mitosis. We say somatic cells are diploid because they have 2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent. Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Reproductive cells, sex cell, are not somatic cells Males have sperm Females have eggs Another name for sex cells are gametes Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Gametes have half the number of chromosomes (23) as somatic (body) cells. We call them haploid cells. This way when reproduction occurs the offspring has 46 chromosomes. Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis You know when somatic (body) cells divide during mitosis we end up with 2 identical daughter cells. Let's Review Reproductive cells (sex cells) divide differently in a process knows as meiosis. Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Oh My...Meiosis! creating sperm and egg cells. Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Meiosis is a special cell division designed specifically to produce haploid cells for gametes (sperm and eggs). In meiosis, the cell replicates one and divides twice. Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Amoeba Sisters Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis “From each pair of chromosomes, one comes from the mother and one comes from the father”. Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis How do siblings have different traits with the same parents? Well, Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis The question of the number of chromosomes We can see from the karyotypes that in human body (somatic) cells, the number of chromosomes is 46 When a new baby is formed what 2 cells come together? sperm and egg cells How many chromosomes are in these cells? Why? 23 Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Vocabulary Chromosomes strands of tightly wound DNA Gene: sections of a chromosome that carry the code for a particular trait. Allele: The alternate (different) forms of a gene Example: can roll tongue-1 allele cannot roll tongue-1 allele Mom Dad Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Vocabulary Homologous Chromosomes: The same chromosome, one from the mother, and one from the father. Match in size and the number and the location of genes but may contain different versions of each gene (blue eyes instead of brown eyes) Mom Dad Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Name ___________________________________ Date ________________ Period _________ Cell Cycle-‐ Mitosis Goes through Interphase Goes through Cytokinesis Produces cells for growth and repair Produces gametes (sperm or egg) for reproduction One cell division Two cell divisions Occurs in all somatic (body) cells Occurs only in gametes (sperm and egg cells) Produces two identical diploid daughter cells Produces 4 haploid daughter cells Daughter cells have the same amount of chromosomes as the parent cell Daughter cells have ½ the amount of chromosomes as the parent cell. Identical, duplicated chromosomes are paired and called sister chromatids Matching chromosomes (one from each parent) pair up. They are not identical. Used in asexual reproduction (all genes come from one parent) Sexual reproduction (genes from 2 parents) Makes identical offspring (ex. bacteria) Genetically unique offspring Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis Cell Cycle (mitosis) - Meiosis