Download Camel Milk in Health: A Review

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1st International Conference on Medicine, Public
Health and Biological Sciences (MPHBS)
doi: 10.18869/MPHBS.2016.320
Open Access
Camel Milk in Health: A Review
Sara Amiri Fahliyani1*, Mostafa Mohammadi2
1*. Corresponding author, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Falavarjan, Iran ([email protected])
2. Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan, Iran
Abstract
Since last centuries, camel milk was used as an important food source for human health. Camel milk in hot
and dry areas has a very important role in nutrition viewpoint. It is rich in nutrients and it is very different from
other mammals’ milk in terms of compounds and therapeutic effects.In addition, because it is rich in vitamin C it
can act as a powerful antioxidant. Waterin camel milkcompared to other mammals milk is the highest. Many
studies have shown that becausecamel milk is rich in bioactive material and also has very lowlevels
of cholesterol,proteinandsugar,and
high
levels
of
vitamins, minerals (zinc, iron,
calcium,
magnesium, etc.),lysozyme,lactoferrin, etc; it can be effective for the treatment of manydiseases. Camelmilk can
be used in the treatment of stomach ulcers because it is rich in zinc and magnesium.Furthermore,it is used to
treat skin diseases such as eczema and acne, autism, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, jaundice, diabetes,
hepatitis B and C, cancer and also boosting the immune system. Camel milk is against high blood pressure. Because
of lack of a protein called beta-lacto globulin in camel milk, its proteins do not cause food allergies.
This study aimsto review properties and therapeutic effects of camel milk as well as its comparisonwith other
mammals’ milk.
© 2016 Published by CASRP publishing company Ltd. UK. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of
Center of Advanced Scientific Research and Publications Ltd. UK.
Keywords: Camel Milk, Medicinal Properties, Nutrition, Ingredients
1. Introduction
Camel Milk is known as the most perfect food for humans that apart from its usual role for human
nutrition, it can have the role of ultra-useful food. It is usually eaten fresh and it is the staple food of the desert
inhabitants.Although the nomadic peoplewere not aware of bioactive compoundsofit but they believed that camel
milk can be used as a medicine to treat a variety of diseases (Yagil, 2013).Because camel milk is rich in a variety of
vitamins (especially
vitamin C),minerals,lactoferrin,
etc;
it can be
used as a
drug
for
the
treatment of liver disease,hepatitisBandC,bladder,psoriasis,spleen, stomach, intestine, food allergies, skin, high
cholesterol, diabetes, and brain diseases (Yagil, 2013;Hosseini et al., 2015, Kaskous, 2016). During studies, it was
shown that camel milk due to having abundant and appropriatenutrientscan be a suitable alternative for feeding
babies (Hosseini et al., 2015). Given that in terms of chemical composition,camel milk is very different compared to
cow's milk but nonetheless in terms of beingfull of all essential ingredients andnutritious it is the same as cow's
milk (Table 1) (Patel et al., 2016).
2 .Camel milk features
Camelmilk like milk of other animals is white and opaque, but its features that make it different is sweetness
and a little saltier taste compared to milk of other animalssuchascow'smilk.In general, the taste of camel milk
depends on drinking water and fodder type (Hosseini et al., 2015; Yadav et al., 2015; Patel et al., 2016).
Another important feature of camel milk is water content that on average it is oscillating between87.75+2.75 percent. Also, the amount of vitamin C in it is almost 3 times of that found in cow'smilk. But the remarkable
point is that despite the enormous benefits of camel milkcompared to other mammals milk, the
vitamin C content is reduced by halfcompared tohumanmilk.Research done on camel milk has shown that unlike
other mammals’ milk, camelmilk can bestored for a long time (more than 3 months) at 4 ° C (Mullaicharam, 2014;
Patel et al., 2016).
3. Compounds in camel milk
In general, camel milk contains compounds such as protein, fat, water and lactose (Table 1).
Table 1. Camel milk components
Water
88.95%
Fat
3.67%
Protein
3.22%
Dry Matter
11.05%
Ash
0.71%
Specific Gravity
31.6%
Acidity
0.165g/lit
(Katouki, 2014)
3-1. Fat
Fat of camel milk is about 2% that is less than other milk fats including Buffalo. In studies conductedby
scientists it is determined that high value of camel milk is due to the presence of fattyacids and unsaturated
acids that are essential and very useful for human health (Abdalla, 2014; Patel et al., 2016). One of
theimportantfeatures of camel milk which distinguishes it from milk of other mammals is its low cholesterol. Camel
milk contains various fatty acids that have been mentionedbelow(Table2)
Table 2. Fatty acid in camel milk
Fatty acid
Value % by weight
Butyric acid
0.31-0.75
Caproic acid
0.2-0.6
Caprylic acid
0.2-0.3
Capric acid
0.2-0.4
Lauric acid
1-1.8
Myristic acid
15.9-25.2
Myristoleic acid
1.7-4.5
Palmitic acid
25-29.5
Palmitoleic acid
6.1-19.1
Stearic acid
1.9-11.7
Oleic acid
6.8-24.9
Linoleic acid
0.9-0.2
Arachidic acid
0.6-3.4
(Singh et al., 2006)
3-2. Protein
One of the most important and most original compositions of camel milk that has a major role in
enhancingits nutritional value is protein in it. Protein in camel milk is variable on averagebetween2.07-5.2 percent
(Barłowska et al., 2011; Abbas et al., 2013; Kaskous, 2016). Thisproteincontainsaminoacid that is very necessary for
body(Table3) (Nikkhah, 2012). Recently, protein is discovered in camel milk that due to its similar performanceto
thatof human insulin, it can be highly efficient in the treatment of diabetes(itsamountis 52 units/L). Also, because
of lack of a protein called beta-lacto globulin in camel milk, camel milkproteinsdo not cause food allergies (Agrawal
et al., 2007; Abdalla, 2014).
Table 3. Amino acids profile of milk from various animal species
FAO/WHO
Amino acid concentration (g/100 g protein)
Amino acid
r e f e r e n c e f o rsubstantial
Buffalo
Sheep
Cattle
Camel Human
amino acids
Aspartic acid (Asp)
n/a
n/a
7.8
6.9
8.3
Threonine (Thr)
4.0
5.714
4.2 to 4.4
4.5
4.1
4.6
Serine (Ser)
n/a
n/a
4.8
4.3
5.1
Glutamic acid (Glu)
n/a
n/a
23.2
18.1
17.8
Proline(Pro)
n/a
n/a
9.6
12.0
8.6
Cysteine (Cys)
3.5(Cys+Met)_
0.586
0.8 to 0.9
0.6
1 .9
1 .7
Glycine (Gly)
n/a
n/a
1 .8
2.1
2.6
Alanine (Ala)
n/a
n/a
3.0
2.1
4.0
Valine(Val)
5.0
6.760
6.2 to 6.4
4.8
4.1
6.0
Methionine (Met)
3.5 (Met + Cys)
0.928
2.7
1 .8
2.0
1 .8
Isoleucine (Ile)
4.0
5.714
4.6
4.2
4.9
5.8
Leucine(Leu)
7.0
9.792
9.7 to 9.9
8.7
6.1
10.1
Tyrosine (Tyr)
6.0 (Tyr + Phe)
3.858
3.7 to 3.8
4.5
3.1
4.7
Phenylalanine (Phe)
6.0 (Phe + Tyr)
4.713
4.2 to 4.3
4.8
4.0
4.4
Histidine (His)
n/a
n/a
3.0
2.1
2.3
Lysine (Lys)
5.5
7.497
7.7 to 7.8
8.1
4.0
6.2
Arginine (Arg)
n/a
n/a
3.3
2.0
4.0
Tryptophan (Try)
1.0
n/a
n/a
1 .5
n/a
1 .8
Cysteine
Cysteine
Limiting aminoacid
–
Lysine
–
Methionine
Methionine
Dimitrov and others (2007); Gerchev and others (2005); Guo and others (2007); Kamal and others (2007)
3-2-1- Casein
Camel
milk
contains many proteins whose
most important
one is
casein (52-78 percent of
totalmilkprotein). Generally, casein is divided into 4 categories of as1, as2, β, k that thevalue of each one
isvariable (β: 65 percent and as1: 22 percent and as2: 9.5 percent and k: 3.5 percent) (Abbas et al., 2013; Gul et al.,
2015; Brezovečki et al., 2015).
3-2-2- Whey proteins
Among different types of proteins in camel milk about 20 or 25 percent of that is related to
protein whey. Unlike cow's milk that the most important and most original whey protein of that is beta-lacto
globulin (50%), alpha lactalbuminis the most common in camel milk.
Whey proteins in
camel
milk contain
a
variety
of
compounds
that
the most
important oftheminclude:Peptidoglycan,
albumin
serum,
immunoglobulin, proteindetection of
Peptidoglycan(PGPR)and lactoferrin (Abbas et al., 2013).
3-3. Lactose
Lactose is the main carbohydrate found in camel milk that compared to cow's milk is the lowest
amount(camel milk: 2.40 to 5.80 percent and cow's milk: 4.4 to 5.8 percent) (Abbas et al., 2013; Brezovečki et al.,
2015). In addition, its digestion is easy for people with lactose intolerance. Therefore, camel milk is the only milk
thatpeople with lactose intolerance not only do not have a problem to use it, but also it has beneficialeffects in the
treatment of these individuals (Abdalla, 2014).
3-4. Minerals
Minerals in camel milk are very diverse. Scientists have estimated the amount of these minerals is roughly
variable between .6 -.9 percent that include: calcium, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, magnesium
and iron that among them, iron (Abbas et al., 2013; Abdalla, 2014), zinc and calcium have the highest
concentration (Table 4) (Yadav et al., 2015).
Table 4. Concentration of minerals in milk from various animal species
Mineral(mg/100 g) Cattle
Sheep
Buffalo Human
Camel
Ca (mg/100 g
122
195 to 200
112
33
114to 116
P (mg/100 g)
119
124 to 158
99
43
87.4
K (mg/100 g)
152
136 to 140
92
55
144 to 156
Mg (mg/100 g)
12
18 to 21
8
4
10.5 to 12.3
Mn (μg/100 g)
20
5.3 to 9
27
70
80
Zn (μg/100 g)
530
520 to 747
410
380
530 to 590
Fe (μg/100 g)
80
72 to 122
161
200
230b to 290
Cu (μg/100 g)
60
40 to 68
35
60
140b
Kondyli and others (2007); Patino and others (2007); Park and others (2007); Mehaia and others (1995);
Raynal-Ljutovac and others (2008)
3-5. Vitamins
Camel milk is rich in vitamins such as B1, B12, and B6, A, D, folic acid, niacin and vitamin C in large
amounts (Table 5)(Barłowska et al., 2011; Abbas et al., 2013; Abdalla, 2014). Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant and it
leads to reduce damage causedbyfreeradicals such as dry and wrinkles of skin. Findingsof researchers indicate that
the amountof vitamin C in camel milk is 3 times of cow milk and 6 times of human milk (table 5) (Barłowska et al.,
2011; Patel et al., 2016).Theyalso found that vitamin C in it causes to increase the absorption of calcium, and as a
result it leads to improve patients with osteoporosis. Inaddition, high concentrations of vitaminClead to
decrease pH of camel milkwhose value is between 6.5-6.7 (Yadav et al., 2015). This pH value makes the absorption
of iron compounds in camel milk increased (Abdalla, 2014; Patel et al., 2016).
Table 5. Vitamin concentration in milk from various animal species.
in 100 g
in 100 mL
Vitamin
Sheep
Cattle
Human
Camel
∗
Vitamin A (IU), ( μg)
146
126
190
26.7
Vitamin D (IU), ( ∗μg)
1 .18 ∗
2
1 .4
0.3
Thiamin (mg)
0.08
0.045
0.017
0.048
Riboflavin (mg)
0.376
0.16
0.02
0.168
Niacin (mg)
0.416
0.08
0.17
0.77
Pantothenic acid (mg)
0.408
0.32
0.20
0.368
Vitamin B6 (mg)
0.08
0.042
0.011
0.55
Folic acid (μg)
5
5
5.5
87
Biotin (μg)
0.93
2
0.4
–
Vitamin B12 (μg)
0.712
0.357
0.03
85
Vitamin C (mg
4.16
0.94
5
33
Park and others (2007); Haddadin and others (2008)
3-6. Bioactive proteins
3-6-1. Immunoglobulins
The results of studies by Harmers et.al, in 1993 showed that the immune system of camel isuniqueand
different from other mammals. This difference is due to the small size of immunoglobulinand lack of short-chain in
them. Immunoglobulin (IgM, IgD, IgG and IgA) that wasdetected in the serum of camels (Abdalla, 2014;
Mullaicharam, 2014) can help to eliminate infections in milk such as EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli (Nikkhah,
2012). As it was mentioned, antibodies in camel milk have only two heavy chainsandthey do not have light
chains. The size of these antibodies is so small (one-tenth of a humanimmunoglobulinsize) that:
1) They can easily cross the blood-brain barrier.
2)They can be easily absorbed by the intestine in general blood circulation.
3) They are active againstantigen (Yagil, 2013; Abdalla, 2014; Yadav et al., 2015; Gader&Alhaider, 2016).
But the remarkable point is that, unlike human immunoglobulin,immunoglobulins in camel milk are able to
penetrate into tissues and cells. Among existing types of immunoglobulin,IgGincamel milk has higher level
compared with other mammals’ milk (Abbas et al., 2013; Mullaicharam, 2014).
3-6-2.Lactoferrin
Camel milk is rich in preventive proteins that the most important of them with the highest concentration is
lactoferrin (Kaskous, 2016). This protein preventsovergrowth of microbes and pathogens. In fact, theprotein
lactoferrin has anti-microbial, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties (Gader&Alhaider, 2016). Lactoferrin plays
animportant role in iron transport and storage. Also, theresearchers’ findings suggest that lactoferrin plays an
important role in lowering the growth of cancer cells. Studies conducted by Morin et.al, in 1995 showed that the
lactoferrin in camel milk is higher than cow's, sheep`s and othermammals` milk (0.22 mg.ml– 1) (Abbas et al., 2013;
Mullaicharam, 2014; Yadav et al., 2015).
3-7. Naturalenzymes
3-7-1.Lysozyme
Compared to cows and human milk, camel milk has the highest amount of lysozyme(camelmilk:500 and
228 μg.100 mL-1, cow milk: 13 and 37 μg.100 mL-1). The results of the studies show that although presence of this
enzyme, camel milk is able to remove many pathogenicfactorsespecially gram-positive bacteria (Abbas et al., 2013;
Kaskous, 2016; Mullaicharam, 2014).
3-7-2. Lactoperoxidase
Another preventive protein in camel milk is lactoperoxidase which has features such as proteolyticdigestion
resistant, anti-bacterial effect (mainly on gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli) and anti-tumor. The
results of studies by scientists show that this lactoperoxidasecan be separated from milk, tears and saliva (Kaskous,
2016; Mullaicharam, 2014; Yadav et al., 2015).
4. The health benefits of camel milk
Many studies have shown that camel milk is important and unique in terms of nutritional property. Dueto
having compounds such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulin,a variety of vitamins especially vitamin C, iron,
zinc and manganese, this material can be used to treat a variety of diseases, including diseases of the stomach and
intestines, low blood sugar,inflammation,low cholesterol level, tuberculosis, hypertension, hepatitis, diarrhea,
autism,skindiseases (such as acne and eczema) andcancer (Kaskous, 2016; Patel et al., 2016).
In 1998 Tezera while studying camel milk came to the conclusion that it can be used to treat diseases such as
jaundice and malaria. The results of studies by EI- Agamyet in 1992 indicated that camel milk causes to increase
body immunity system because of having protective proteins.Healso noted that camel milk has very amazing
properties that are anti-viral, anti-cancer and anti-microbial (Yadav et al., 2015; Patel et al., 2016).
4-1. Camel milk and Crohn's disease
Crohn is a type of autoimmune disease that affects different parts of the gastrointestinaltract.Symptoms of
this disease include abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea,arthritis, vomiting, and even skin rashes.Shabo et.al,
during their studies in 2008 found that camel milk is very effective and useful for the treatment of Crohn's disease
(Yagil, 2013; Yadav et al., 2015).
4-2. Camel milk and digestive system disorders
Because camel milk is rich in anti-inflammatory protein, it is useful for improving gastrointestinaldisorders
(Kaskous, 2016). The researchers also found that camel milk causes to easily digest milk proteins due to having
enzyme ACE (enzyme for conversion Anzhetnesis 1) (Yagil, 2013; Kaskous, 2016).
The cause of diarrhea in children, especially children under age 5 varies, but the most common cause is
rotavirus. Because camel milk is rich in antibodies against rotavirus, thus diarrhea canberesolved. One of the
interesting results of the research by scientists is that camel milkcanactasa probiotic (Kaskous, 2016).
4-3. Camel milk and diabetes
One of the most common diseases that most people around the world are affected is diabetes. In 2011,
researchers have shown that the process of diabetes incidence is increasing (Isa et al., 2013; Abdalla,
2014). Diabetes is akindof disorder that increases blood sugar levels, which is divided into independent to
insulin(diabetestype II) and insulin-dependent diabetes(diabetes type I).Today, in most communitiesdiabetestype I
that is caused by the result of insulin deficiency is very common. During thestudies,scientists found that
diabetes type I is developed when the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas(beta cells) are removed. As a result,
the loss of beta cells will result in insulin deficiencyand eventually diabetes type I or insulin-dependent diabetes
(Abdalla,
2014;
Kaskous,
2016).
Today, the
treatment
of
diabetesis considered as
one
of the greatest challenges for researchers. In addition,non-treatmentof diabetes will cause to create
complications on various organs that among the most importantof them are blindness in adults, kidney
failure, and the effect on the nerves, etc. In researchon milk camel, it wasshown that as camel milk is rich
in insulin, it can significantly reducediabetes (up to 66%). In fact, camel milk is considered as a natural source of
insulin thatcanhave a significantimpact (Abdalla, 2014). Butthe interesting point to note is that unlike other
mammals’ milksuch as human whose insulin iseasily destroyed in the acidic stomach environment, camel
milk insulin is not destroyed in the stomach environment because it is encapsulated in nano-particles. It should be
noted that the concentration of insulin in camel milk compared to cow's milk is much higher (52 -59 U/L) (Yadav et
al., 2015; Gader&Alhaider, 2016).
4-4. Camel milk and high cholesterol
One of the
main
reasons that
cause heart- vascular disease
in
human
beings
is
toincreasebloodcholesterollevels. During the studies carried out by researchers it was determined thatbecause of
theinteractionbetween bioactive peptides and cholesterol levels as well as erotic acid
incamelmilk,this valuable material can be useful in reducing blood cholesterol levels and thus reducingheartvascular disease. It should also be noted that camel milk when compared to cow's milk has very low cholesterol
levels (Abdalla, 2014; Kaskous, 2016).
4-5. Camel milk and cancer
One of the diseases thathave annually highmortality is cancer. Because treatment of thesediseasesis
difficult, due to the unique properties and characteristics of camel milk, the researchersdecided to research camel
milk to find a new way of cancer treatment. The results of the studies showed that milk and urine of camel has
significant effect on the improvementofdifferentkinds of cancer such as breast, lung, throat and nose, etc. In
addition,
they also found
that
camel
milk in differentconcentrations
can
inhibit cancer cells HepG2 growth(Figure 1) (Korashy et al., 2012; Kaskous, 2016; Gader&Alhaider, 2016).
Fig. 1. Impact of camel's milk and cow's milk on the growth of cancer cells HepG2 (Korashy et al, 2012)
These cells were under influence of different concentrations of camel's milk and cow's milk and then were
incubated. Finally, using MTT method, the cell proliferation was assessed:
Values are presented as percentage of the control
(mean± SEM, n = 8). +P <0.05 compared to control (0 mg/mL).
4-6. Camel milk and Psoriasis
The results of a study that was conducted on the effect of camel milk cream, it was indicated that camel milk
cream has a significant effect on the treatment of psoriasis disease and can surprisinglyreduce symptoms of these
diseases including itching, dryness and skin redness (Kaskous, 2016).
4-7. Camel milk and Tuberculosis
Mycobacteria and mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main cause of tuberculosis.Tuberculosisis an
infectious disease that leads to a decrease in the immune system and thereby infecting the patient to other types
of illnesses. According to the World Health Organization statistics, annually population of people with tuberculosis
is increasing. To date, the treatment of thisillness is to use chemical drugs, which can lead to drug resistance in
patients and ultimately thisdrug resistance can lead to ineffective drug against bacteria. Several scientists
includingGorakh et.al, ALMAN and Farhuni in 2000 by studying camel milk found that camel milk due to having
protective proteins play an important role in boosting the immune system and consequently the elimination of
tuberculosis factor (Yadav et al., 2015; Kaskous, 2016).
4-8. Camel milk and Autism
Autism is a type of autoimmune disease that by affecting enzymes responsible for the formation of amino
acids of casein milk causes to create casomorphininstead of breaking it down intoaminoacids. This disease leads to
damage of the brain in old age.
Shabo and Yagli during their studies in 2005 concluded that children with autism were significantlyimproved
as a result of regular consumption of camel milk. In fact, camel milk due to having protective proteins involved in
metabolism prevent creating Autism symptoms (Yagil, 2013; Yadav et al., 2015; Kaskous, 2016).
4-9. Camel milk and autoimmune diseases
In autoimmune diseases, the
immune
system
rather
than
attacking
foreigncellsmistakenlyattackitsown cells, leading
to
damage
different
tissues. Autoimmunediseases
are chronic diseases that even in case of recovery require permanent care. Today, scientists because of the
devastating effects of immunosuppressive drugs in immune system decided to find a new way to treat these
diseases because as a result of taking medications that suppress the body's immune system, the body no longer
canfight off infections. One of the compounds that because of having unique properties attracted many scientists
is camel's milk.
Many researchersduring their studies on camel milk found that camel milk, due to
itsfeaturesandcomponents,improve the autoimmune diseases. During this studies, Hamers in 1998 during his
researchshowedthat camel milk had a very strong and unique safety system, also due toitssmallimmunoglobulin, it
can has positive results in treating autoimmune diseases (Yadav et al., 2015).
4-10. Camel milk and allergy
Milk and other dairy products are like food which can lead to food allergies in people. Camel milk can be used
to
treat
food
allergies
because
it
has
beta-casein
and
no
beta-lacto
globulin
(responsible for allergic reactions). Also, during scientists` studies, it was found that another feature
that makes camel milk useful in the treatment of food allergies is its immunoglobulin.In a study that was
conducted on children with food allergies, it was found that regular and continuousconsumption of camel milk is
effective in recovery of them (Yadav et al., 2015; Gader&Alhaider, 2016).
To review the ability of detecting epitopes on camel milk by IgE of children with allergies, inhibition ELISA test
was used (figure 2). The results of this experiment showed that when the camel milk is used as an inhibitor,
the IgE reaction to casein and WPs is zero while when the cow's milk is used as an inhibitor, IgE reaction to casein
and WPs is an average of 65.8% and 39.8% (El-Agamy et al., 2009).
Fig. 2.IgE-ELISA inhibition of cow and camel milk proteins (El-Agamy et al, 2006)
5. Comparing camel milk with cow's milk
a) Compared to cow's milk, the amount of vitamin b1, A and E in camel milk is lower.
b) Unlike cow's milk which contains carotene A, camel milk does not have this composition.
c) Vitamin C in camel milk is three times higher than cow's milk
d) Camelmilk has more vitamin C, protein, sugar and lower cholesterol compared to the milk of other mammals.
e) Camel milk contains the highest amount of lactoferrin compared to other mammals like cow's milk (Yadav et al.,
2015).
Table 6. Compositional differences of camel milk and cow milk (Singh et al., 2006)
Parameters
Camel milk Cow milk
Water (%)
90
87
Total solids (%)
10.00
13.00
Fat (%)
2.00
4.00
Insulin (μu/ml)
40.50
16.30
Iron (Mg/100g)
0.05
0.27
Calcium (Mg/100g)
132
120
Potassium (Mg/100g)
152
140
Zinc (Mg/100g)
0.50
0.40
Vitamin C (Mg/ml)
35
10
Niacin (Mg/ml)
4.60
0.60
Pantothenic acid (Mg/ml)
0.90
3.80
β-lacto globulin (Mg/ml)
0
3500
Whey acidic protein (Mg/ml)
157
0
Peptydoglycon recognition protein (Mg/ml)
107
0
β-lacto albumin (Mg/ml)
3500
1200
Kappa casein (%)
5.00
14.00
Casein micelles (μm)
320
160
Whey protein (%)
1.00
0.80
Omega-6 (%)
3.50
5.20
Omega-7 (%)
11.60
2.30
6. How to use camel milk
Many researchers studied to find how they can increase the therapeutic effectof camel milk and they found
that if before using camel milk, heavy meals and bedtime was avoided, camel milk has the highest effect (Hosseini
et al., 2015).
6-1. Suitable time for consumption camel milk
Camel milk can be consumed in different seasons, but studies have shown that it is better to use camel milk
from spring to early summer. This duration is the best time for camel milk consumption in order to have greater
impact (Hosseini et al., 2015).
7. Conclusion
Camel milk is rich in nutrients that are very useful for human health. In addition, due to havingbio-active
substances it can lead to improve many diseases. Because camel milk contains different substances and
proteins compared to other mammals, it has a lot of therapeutic effects. Till now, it is used in the
treatment of different diseases such as tuberculosis, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, jaundice, autism, high
cholesterol, eczema, acne, preventing wrinkles, wound healing, lactose intolerance, hepatitis, reducing swelling,
high blood pressure, cancer, asthma, allergies, anemia, etc. Itis hoped that by more research and reviews on camel
milk properties, it is used to treat other diseases and also people use it more compared with cow milk.
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