Download Defense against Disease

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What defense do athletic trainers and
healthcare professionals have against
disease?
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What can we do to prevent contracting
diseases?
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Gloves
 One-time use only
 Different sizes available
 Hands must be washed
after wearing gloves
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Goggles
 Eyes remain vulnerable
to splashes of body
fluids if they are
unprotected
 Use goggles or
protective safety glasses
 Eyeglasses require side
splash protection to
prevent accidental
exposure
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Barrier devices: Masks
 Provide protection from
blood and other body
fluids splashing into the
open mouth
 Masks also provide
protection from inhaling
airborne infectious
particles
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U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC)
 Federal government organization
 Monitors outbreaks of infections
 Advises affected groups how to handle the
situation and control the spread of disease
▪ Hepatitis B
▪ Tuberculosis
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration
 Produces standards for infection control practice
 Encourages compliance
 Bloodborne Pathogens Rule (29 CFR 1910.1030)
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Standard Precautions
 Infection control guidelines designed to protect
workers from exposure to disease spread by
contact with blood or other body fluids (AIDS,
hepatitis B, etc)
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Standard Precautions
 Wash hands before/after all patient or specimen
contact
 Treat all blood/soiled linens as potentially infectious
 Wear gloves if contact with blood/body fluids
 Place used syringes in sharps container
▪ Don’t recap or manipulate needles/sharps
 Wear protective eyewear & mask if splatter is
possible
 Wear mask if risk of tuberculosis or other airborne
organisms
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Loss depends on how much skin is damaged
and amount of force behind the bleeding
 Arterial bleeding: bright red, tends to spurt
 Capillary bleeding: low pressure, tends to ooze
 Venous bleeding: darker red, tends to flow
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Bandages
 Primary purpose is to hold dressing in place
▪ Roller bandage
▪ Elastic bandage
▪ Triangular bandage
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Types of dressings
 Gauze: cotton, weave cloth;
many sizes
 Non-adherent: doesn’t stick to
wound’s dried blood
 Self-adherent: (bandaid)
 Occlusive: prevent escape of air
and moisture from wound
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Watch for signs of
infection
 Redness
 Heat
 Swelling
 Pain
 Loss of function
 Red streaks up arms/legs 
blood poisoning
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PROTECT YOURSELF FIRST!  gloves, mask,
goggles, etc.
 1. Irrigate wound with clean, cool water
▪ May use mild soap
 2. Apply sterile gauze
 3. Apply first aid cream to prevent infection
 4. Apply dry, sterile bandage
▪ Large enough to cover entire injury
 5. Reapply new dressing/bandage daily as needed
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Inadequate Circulation  “hypoperfusion”
 Potentially fatal physiological reaction
▪ Drop in blood pressure
▪ Reduced blood circulation
▪ Inadequate blood flow to tissues
 Caused by illness, injury, hemorrhage & dehydration
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Hemorrhagic
 Loss of blood from injury
 Internal or external bleeding (i.e. open fractures or
ruptured spleen)
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Respiratory
 Lungs unable to supply enough oxygen to blood
 Disease, illness, pulmonary contusion
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Cardiac
 Inadequate functioning of the heart
 Disease, infection or injury
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Metabolic
 Severe loss of body fluids
▪ Diarrhea, vomiting, disease or dehydration
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Anaphylactic Shock
 Severe allergic reaction
 Insect stings/bites, medications, foods
 Anything from itchy eyes and runny nose to
circulatory/respiratory failure
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Septic Shock
 Caused by severe infection
 Body tissues don’t get enough blood & oxygen
 Affects vital organs
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Psychogenic Shock
 Physiologic response to fear, stress, or emotional
crisis
 Causes person to become faint
 Caused by sudden temporary dilation of the blood
vessels  reduces normal blood volume to the brain
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Signs & Symptoms
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Restlessness/anxiety
Weak or rapid pulse
Cold, clammy skin
Profuse sweating
Pale/blue skin (palor/cyanosis)
Shallow respiration
Nausea/vomiting
Falling blood pressure
Loss of consciousness
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Maintain airway
Control all bleeding
Elevate extremities
Prevent loss of body heat
Do NOT eat or drink anything
Record vital signs periodically
Reassure victim
Activate EMS