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SCOM 110: Public Speaking Instructed by Mack Skelton Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 1 An Introduction to Public Speaking Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 What is communication? • The process of sharing meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues. • What does that mean? • Why is communication so important? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 What does that mean? • Communication isn’t simply “talking.” It’s both verbal and non-verbal (with and without words). • The letters, words, symbols, gestures, etc. that we use are agreed upon to create “meaning.” All cultures, languages, etc. accept these things differently. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Why is communication important? • From your self-concept to personal relationships to business relationships communication is of great importance. • It’s like the old saying goes, “A closed mouth don’t get fed.” If you can’t communicate what you want, you don’t get it. In my mind, communication is the most important aspect of our lives. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 We Remember. . . • • • • 10% of what we read, 20% of what we hear, 30% of what we see, and 70% of what we speak. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Levels of Communication • • • • • Intrapersonal Interpersonal Group Public Mass Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Two Major Divisions • Most communication studies scholars separate communication into 2 major divisions (Intrapersonal & Interpersonal). Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Intrapersonal Communication • Communication within one’s self. – Your self-concept, or how you view yourself. – Your thoughts, secrets, ideas, dreams, selftalk, private journals, etc all fall into this category. – It is a very important aspect of one’s life. It helps you create a “world view.” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Interpersonal Communication • Communication between two or more people. – Group, Public, and Mass Communication all could fall into this category. Because in all three, you are communicating with one or more people. • The majority of your daily communication falls into this category. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Group Communication • Interpersonal communication between groups of approximately 3 to 30. – More commonly referred to as “Small Group Communication.” • Church events, board meetings, city council meetings, classroom settings, etc. are all involved in this division. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Public Communication • Communication with the “general public.” – To me, public communication and group communication are only different in the sense that group communication is more of an intimate setting, whereas public communication is dealing with people you may not know. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Mass Communication • Communication with large segments of the population at the same time. – I.e. communicating with the masses. • Large public speeches (MLK – I Have a Dream Speech), graduation speeches, radio, television, etc. fall here. • Mass Comm. is normally taught in Radio-Television departments. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Communication Elements Model Figure 1.2 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Communication Process • The process by which a message is sent and received. – Can be verbal (with words) or non-verbal (without words). • A sender sends a message to a receiver via some channel who processes that message and sends feedback. Both the sender and receiver’s message can be verbal or non-verbal. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Communication Process Cont. • In addition to the sending and receiving of messages, you have noise. – Can be physical (noise that physically hinders you from hearing) or mental (noise that psychologically hinders you for listening). • Physical noise examples: A jackhammer, loud air conditioner, kids yelling in a classroom. • Mental noise examples: Thinking of your father’s death, day dreaming, being hungry. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Encoding & Decoding • Basically your comprehension of the message/feedback being sent. – Encoding deals with your perception. • Encoding is connotative in nature. Meaning that it deals with how things are viewed. Perceptions are based on your “world view.” – Decoding deals with shared meaning. • Decoding is denotative in nature. Meaning that it deals with how things are defined. Definitions are seen as concrete. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Communication Process Activity • Pass It On • I’m going to whisper a message in your ear that I have written down. • Your task is to get that message around the room while fighting various forms of noise. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 2 The Ethics of Public Speaking Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Definition of Ethics Standards used to discriminate between right and wrong, good and bad, in thought and action. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Right & Wrong, Good & Bad • Connotative in nature. – What our culture views as right and good (religious freedom for example) is scene as wrong and bad in some other cultures. • Think of how are country was founded. • These perceptions constantly change. – Think about such things as public hangings, segregation, and gay marriage. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Plagiarism Guidelines • Take clear and consistent notes. • Record complete source citations. • Indicate quoted material. • Paraphrase in your own words, style, and structure. • When in doubt, cite the source. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Consequences • Not only does plagiarism kill your credibility, which will result in nobody wanting to listen to you, it can also result in your termination, expulsion, etc. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Theory Into Practice: Effective & Ethical Paraphrasing Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) • • • • • • Reread for understanding Set aside original and paraphrase Write a reminder about use in speech Compare paraphrase to original Use quotes when borrowing exactly Record the source Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Examples of Unethical Comm. • Using false (or unfounded) statistics. • Misinterpreting or rewording data or statistics. • Using someone else’s work as your own (plagiarism). • Allowing someone else to use your work as their own. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Wiki Discussion • On our Wiki Site, please respond to the Discussion thread labeled “Ethics” by next Wednesday. • Please discuss a situation where you’ve heard/seen someone not following ethical standards and how their credibility suffered. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Assignment • Read Chapters 3 - 5. • We will discuss Chapters 3 - 5 next week as well as complete your second, graded assignment (Introductory Speeches). – From the web site. Make sure to print off and bring with you. We will present them from our seats and discuss. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007