Download Chapter 2 The Ethics of Public Speaking - SCOM

SCOM 110: Public Speaking
Instructed by Mack Skelton
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Chapter 1
An Introduction to
Public Speaking
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What is communication?
• The process of sharing meaning by
sending and receiving symbolic cues.
• What does that mean?
• Why is communication so important?
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What does that mean?
• Communication isn’t simply “talking.”
It’s both verbal and non-verbal (with
and without words).
• The letters, words, symbols, gestures,
etc. that we use are agreed upon to
create “meaning.” All cultures,
languages, etc. accept these things
differently.
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Why is communication important?
• From your self-concept to personal
relationships to business relationships
communication is of great importance.
• It’s like the old saying goes, “A closed
mouth don’t get fed.” If you can’t
communicate what you want, you don’t
get it. In my mind, communication is
the most important aspect of our lives.
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We Remember. . .
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10% of what we read,
20% of what we hear,
30% of what we see, and
70% of what we speak.
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Levels of Communication
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Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Group
Public
Mass
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Two Major Divisions
• Most communication studies scholars
separate communication into 2 major
divisions (Intrapersonal &
Interpersonal).
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Intrapersonal Communication
• Communication within one’s self.
– Your self-concept, or how you view
yourself.
– Your thoughts, secrets, ideas, dreams, selftalk, private journals, etc all fall into this
category.
– It is a very important aspect of one’s life. It
helps you create a “world view.”
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Interpersonal Communication
• Communication between two or more
people.
– Group, Public, and Mass Communication all
could fall into this category. Because in all
three, you are communicating with one or
more people.
• The majority of your daily
communication falls into this category.
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Group Communication
• Interpersonal communication between
groups of approximately 3 to 30.
– More commonly referred to as “Small
Group Communication.”
• Church events, board meetings, city
council meetings, classroom settings,
etc. are all involved in this division.
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Public Communication
• Communication with the “general
public.”
– To me, public communication and group
communication are only different in the
sense that group communication is more of
an intimate setting, whereas public
communication is dealing with people you
may not know.
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Mass Communication
• Communication with large segments of
the population at the same time.
– I.e. communicating with the masses.
• Large public speeches (MLK – I Have a
Dream Speech), graduation speeches,
radio, television, etc. fall here.
• Mass Comm. is normally taught in
Radio-Television departments.
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Communication Elements Model
Figure 1.2
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The Communication Process
• The process by which a message is sent
and received.
– Can be verbal (with words) or non-verbal
(without words).
• A sender sends a message to a receiver
via some channel who processes that
message and sends feedback. Both the
sender and receiver’s message can be
verbal or non-verbal.
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The Communication Process Cont.
• In addition to the sending and receiving
of messages, you have noise.
– Can be physical (noise that physically
hinders you from hearing) or mental (noise
that psychologically hinders you for
listening).
• Physical noise examples: A jackhammer, loud
air conditioner, kids yelling in a classroom.
• Mental noise examples: Thinking of your
father’s death, day dreaming, being hungry.
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Encoding & Decoding
• Basically your comprehension of the
message/feedback being sent.
– Encoding deals with your perception.
• Encoding is connotative in nature. Meaning that
it deals with how things are viewed.
Perceptions are based on your “world view.”
– Decoding deals with shared meaning.
• Decoding is denotative in nature. Meaning that
it deals with how things are defined. Definitions
are seen as concrete.
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Communication Process Activity
• Pass It On
• I’m going to whisper a
message in your ear that I
have written down.
• Your task is to get that
message around the room
while fighting various
forms of noise.
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Chapter 2
The Ethics of Public Speaking
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Definition of Ethics
Standards used
to discriminate between
right and wrong,
good and bad,
in thought and action.
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Right & Wrong, Good & Bad
• Connotative in nature.
– What our culture views as right and good
(religious freedom for example) is scene as
wrong and bad in some other cultures.
• Think of how are country was founded.
• These perceptions constantly change.
– Think about such things as public
hangings, segregation, and gay marriage.
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Plagiarism
Guidelines
• Take clear and consistent notes.
• Record complete source citations.
• Indicate quoted material.
• Paraphrase in your own words, style,
and structure.
• When in doubt, cite the source.
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Consequences
• Not only does plagiarism kill your
credibility, which will result in nobody
wanting to listen to you, it can also
result in your termination, expulsion,
etc.
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Theory Into Practice:
Effective & Ethical Paraphrasing
Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL)
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Reread for understanding
Set aside original and paraphrase
Write a reminder about use in speech
Compare paraphrase to original
Use quotes when borrowing exactly
Record the source
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Examples of Unethical Comm.
• Using false (or unfounded) statistics.
• Misinterpreting or rewording data or
statistics.
• Using someone else’s work as your own
(plagiarism).
• Allowing someone else to use your work
as their own.
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Wiki Discussion
• On our Wiki Site, please
respond to the Discussion
thread labeled “Ethics” by
next Wednesday.
• Please discuss a situation
where you’ve heard/seen
someone not following
ethical standards and how
their credibility suffered.
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Assignment
• Read Chapters 3 - 5.
• We will discuss Chapters 3 - 5 next
week as well as complete your second,
graded assignment (Introductory
Speeches).
– From the web site. Make sure to print off
and bring with you. We will present them
from our seats and discuss.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007