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Abnormal Psychology in a
Changing World
SEVENTH EDITION
Jeffrey S. Nevid / Spencer A. Rathus / Beverly Greene
Chapter 4
(Pp 112-123)
Methods of
Treatment
Cognitive Therapy
A form of therapy that helps clients identify and correct faulty
cognitions (thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes) believed to underlie
their emotional problems and maladaptive behavior.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Albert Ellis believed that negative emotions such as anxiety and
depression are caused by the irrational ways in which we interpret
or judge negative events, not by negative events themselves.
Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) - A therapeutic
approach that focuses on helping clients replace irrational,
maladaptive beliefs with alternative, more adaptive beliefs.
Rational emotive behavior therapists help clients substitute more
effective interpersonal behavior for self-defeating or maladaptive
behavior.
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Psychiatrist Aaron Beck and his colleagues developed cognitive
therapy, which, like REBT, focuses on people’s faulty thoughts and
beliefs.
Cognitive therapists encourage clients to recognize and change
errors in their thinking, called cognitive distortions, such as
tendencies to magnify negative events and minimize personal
accomplishments, that affect their moods and impair their
behavior.
Cognitive therapists have clients record the thoughts that are
prompted by upsetting events and note the connections between
their thoughts and their emotional responses.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) - A learning-based
approach to therapy incorporating cognitive and behavioral
techniques.
CBT attempts to integrate therapeutic techniques that help
individuals make changes not only in their overt behavior but also
in their underlying thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes.
CBT draws on the assumption that thinking patterns and beliefs
affect behavior and that changes in these cognitions can produce
desirable behavioral and emotional changes
Your Erroneous Zones
Therapies DVD
(Humanistic, Cognitive-Behavioral
and Psychodynamic)
Eclectic Therapy
An approach to psychotherapy that incorporates principles or
techniques from various systems or theories.
An eclectic therapist might use behavior therapy techniques to help
a client change specific maladaptive behaviors, for example, along
with psychodynamic techniques to help the client gain insight into
the childhood roots of the problem.
Some therapists are technical eclectics using techniques from
different therapeutic approaches the believe are most likely to work
for their client
Other eclectic therapists are integrative eclectics attempting to
integrate and synthesize diverse theoretical approaches
Therapeutic orientations of
clinical and counseling psychologists
An eclectic/integrative orientation is the most widely endorsed therapeutic
orientation among clinical and counseling psychologists today.
Group, Family, and Couple Therapy
Group therapy - A form of therapy in which a group of clients
meets together with a therapist.
Family therapy - A form of therapy in which the family, not the
individual, is the unit of treatment.
Couple therapy - A form of therapy that focuses on resolving
conflicts in distressed couples.
Group Therapy
What are some of the advantages of group therapy over individual
therapy? What are some of its disadvantages?
Family Therapy
In family therapy, the family, not the individual, is the unit of treatment.
Family therapists help family members communicate more effectively
with one another, for example, to air their disagreements in ways that are
not hurtful to individual members. Family therapists also try to prevent
one member of the family from becoming the scapegoat for the family’s
problems.
Evaluating Methods of Psychotherapy
Reviews of the scientific literature often utilize a statistical
technique called meta-analysis, which averages the results of a
large number of studies to determine an overall level of
effectiveness.
In the most frequently cited meta-analysis of psychotherapy
research, M. L. Smith and Glass (1977) analyzed the results of some
375 controlled studies comparing various types of therapies
(psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, etc.) against
controlgroups.
The results of their analyses showed that the average psychotherapy
client in these studies was better off than 75% of the clients who
remained untreated.
Evaluating Methods of Psychotherapy
Evaluating Methods of Psychotherapy
Managed care systems Health care delivery systems that
impose limits on the number of
treatment sessions they will
approve for payment and the fees
they will allow for
reimbursement.
The
End