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Chapter 22 Study Guide • 1. Seasons, latitude, and elevation • 2. True • 3. occurs when Earth’s atmosphere traps the sun’s energy • 4. caused by human-made chemicals known as CFC’s • 5. increase in Earth’s average surface temperature • 6. includes photosynthesis and respiration • 7. mesosphere • 8. troposphere • 9. troposphere • 10. increase • 11. False • 12.chloro fluorocarbons, CFC’s • 13. troposphere • 14. the process by which plants contribute large amounts of water vapor into the air • 15.curve clockwise • 16. curve counterclockwise • 17. the region where warm air masses meet cold air masses • 18. liquid, solid, gas • 19. the pressure gradient • 20. midwest • 21. cumulonimbus • 22. tropopause • 23. stratosphere • 24. cars, power plants, machinery • 25. oxygen • 26. the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas • 27. solar radiation • 28. False • 29. False • 30. True • 31. oxygen • 32. CO2 carbon dioxide • 33. it goes through precipitation • 34. it compares the actual amount of water vapor in the air with the maximum amount possible at that temperature • 35. True • 36. rising barometric pressure • 37. layered and sheet like • 38. have interactions that greatly influence weather • 39. average weather in an area over long periods of time • 40. the rise and fall of land surfaces • 41. caused by intense low pressure • 42. Differences in air pressure • 43. supersonic expanding air • 44. tornado • 45. tropical depressions • 46. the sun’s rays are almost perpendicular to the equator all year • 47. the region where electrically charged ions are formed as a result of the absorption of solar radiation • 48. at warm temperatures • 49. when it has a relative humidity of 100% • 50. Air will always flow from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. Because the low pressure is in the east and the high pressure is in the west, the wind will blow out of the west toward the east. • 51. Earth’s rotation causes the deflection of wind to the right or left of its direct path • 52. funnel clouds • 53. During the process of outgassing, volcanic eruptions emitted the gases that founded the primitive atmosphere • 54. Earth’s tilt affects the seasons • 55. Tornadoes are high-speed rotating winds that extend downward from thunderclouds. Tornadoes form along the front between air masses with distinctly different temperature and moisture characteristics on either side of the front. Cold, dry air is very dense and sinks. As cold dry air encounters warm, moist, rising air from the South, the warm air is forced to rise faster. As the warm air rises, it may begin to spin, potentially becoming a strong, rotating thunderstorm that can spawn a tornado. • 56. troposphere gets colder (decreases) as altitude increases • Stratosphere gets warmer (increases) as attitude increases • Mesosphere gets colder (decreases) as altitude increases • Thermosphere gets warmer (increases) as altitude increases