Download Animal Evolution Assignment File

Instructions: ANIMAL EVOLUTION
ASSIGNMENT
5 points!
Mon/Tues October 14 by 11:59 PM
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Wed-Fri October 15 by 11:59 PM
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*****Microsoft Word is required for this assignment*****
1. Download the assignment from the Moodle home page
2. Click “Enable Editing” in order to type on the assignment
3. Complete the Follow Along Style Handout. To choose the correct
answer, select the “Highlight Tool” and proceed to highlight your
answer.
4. For the blank Phylogenetic Tree, a word bank and picture bank
have been provided for you.
5. Using the word bank, type in the corresponding choice for the
blank boxes.
6. For the boxes labeled #11-20, use the corresponding picture bank.
Copy the selected picture and paste it to the correct box.
7. For boxes labeled #1-10, provide a brief 1-2 sentence explanation
for the reasoning of your choice.
8. Once you have completed the assignment, save your document
9. PLEASE EMAIL YOUR ASSIGNMENT TO YOUR LIFELINE
LEADER BY THE APROPRIATE TIME.
To complete this portion of the assignment, use the highlight tool to highlight the best answer for
each question/statement.
What is an Animal
Domain: Bacteria/Archaea/Eukarya
Kingdom: Monera/Protista/Animalia/Fungi/Plantae
Members of Kingdom Animalia are:
 eukaryotic/prokaryotic and mostly unicellular/multicellular
 autotrophic/heterotrophic
 mostly motile/non-motile
Two unique tissues found only in animals are: muscle/epithelial/connective/nervous
Most animals reproduce sexually/asexually.
The diploid/haploid stage is usually dominant in their life cycle.
Reproduction and Development
Fertilization occurs when a small flagellated sperm (n) fertilizes a larger, non-motile egg (n), forming a
haploid/diploid zygote (2n)
Cleavage
A series of rapid cell divisions by mitosis+cytokinesis/meiosis+cytokinesis. The number of cells increased
while the total surface area of the embryo remains the same.
In humans, the blastula stage is usually comprised of about 8/100/25,000 cells and occurs roughly one
week after fertilization.
Cleavage Development
Radial vs. Spiral Cleavage
Most Deuterostomes are radial/spiral. An example is humans.
Most Protostomes are radial/spiral. An example is mollusks.
Gastrulation
The process in which the invagination of the blastula creates the zygote/blastula/gastrula.
The opening of the newly formed cavity is called the plasmodesmata/blastopore.
The germ layers, now present in the gastrula, develop into adult body parts/zygote.
Zygote to Gastrula
Process of cell division:
gamete/zygote -> eight-cell stage -> morula/blastula -> morula/blastula -> gastrula
Animal Diversity
Animals are classified by four main attributes of their body plans:
1. tissues/organs
2. Symmetry
3. openings/body cavities
4. Fate of gastrula/blastopore
Tissues
Groups of cells that have a/an uncommon/common function.
Parazoa
Lack true tissues (no endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm)
Most are symmetrical/assymetrical. An example is Phylum Porifera (sponges)
Eumetazoa
Have/do not have true tissues. (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)
Symmetry
Imaginary planes create mirror/non-mirror images.
“Bilateria”
Exhibits bilateral symmetry.
They are diploblastic/triploblastic meaning they have 3 germ layers.
(endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)
“Radiata”
Exhibits radial symmetry.
They are diploblastic/triploblastic meaning they have 2 germ layers.
(endoderm, ectoderm)
Body Cavity
Acoelomates/Pseudo-Coelomates/Coelomates lack a body cavity altogether. An example is a
Platyhelminth (flatworm)
Acoelomates/Pseudo-Coelomates/Coelomates the body cavity is partially derived from mesoderm. An
example is a Nematode.
Acoelomates/Pseudo-Coelomates/Coelomates are those with a true coelom derived completely from
mesoderm. An example is a Crayfish.
Mesoderm Development
When a coelom is formed by introducing a gap surrounded by mesodermal cells at the base of the
blastula, between the ectoderm and the endoderm, it is said to exhibit schizocoelic/enterocoelic
development.
When a coelom is formed by “pinching off” a portion of the endoderm that develops into mesoderm, it
is said to exhibit schizocoelic/enterocoelic development.
Fate of the Blastopore
Protostome – anus/mouth develops from the blastopore.
Deuterostome – anus/mouth develops from the blastopore.
Word Bank
Protostomia
Nemertea
Eumetazoa
Arthropoda Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Psuedocoelomates
Porifera
Parazoa
Ancestral Colonial Choanoflagellate
Bilateria
Acoelomates
Body cavities
Mollusca
Cnidaria
Radiata
Rotifera
Ctenophora Nematoda
Coelomates
Bank of Images for questions #11-20
(copy and paste to corresponding
number)
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For the boxes Labeled (1-10), give a brief 1-2
sentence explanation for the reasoning of your
choice.
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