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Download Lab Chemistry Winter Exam Study Guide
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Lab Chemistry Final Exam – Study Guide Winter Term 2016 Name________________________________ Period________________________________ Date_________________________________ Part 1: Multiple Choice Part 2: True False Part 3: Short Answer & Problems Final Grade You may have one 3X5 index card with notes and your double sided copy of the periodic table with electronegativity values on one side. Atomic Structure True or False: The proton is located in the nucleus. The neutron has an atomic mass of 1/1836 AMU. The electron has a negative charge. Protons stabilize the nucleus. Neutrons have a positive charge. Electrons are found in orbitals. The atomic number of an atom indicates how protons are in the atom. AMU stands for Average Mass Unit. Most of the mass of an atom is found in the electron cloud. Isotopes are elements that have a different number of protons. Lewis Structures show Valence electrons but not filled shells. Valence electrons are the electrons involved in chemical reactions. When the electronegativity difference between atoms is more than 1.7, they form a covalent bond. Ionic bonds are when atoms share electrons. Covalent bonds form between two non-metal atoms. Water has polar bonds between the oxygen and the two hydrogen atoms. Polar Covalent bonds form when the electronegativity of two atoms is less than 1.7. If a molecule has four atoms around a central atom, with no unpaired electrons, it is tetrahedral. VSEPR stands for Valence Shell Electron Pole Replacement H2O is a bent molecule CCL4 is a trigonal pyramidal molecule An Isomer is each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties. Circle the correct answer. Which of these is correct? Helium has one proton Protons and Electrons are found in the nucleus Neutrons have a mass of one atomic unit Neon is highly reactive The atomic mass in U235 represents The average of the isotopes of uranium 92 neutrons plus 143 protons The sum of the protons and neutrons The number of electrons around the nucleus The atom with 6 protons and 8 neutrons is Silicon Carbon 14 Oxygen Nitrogen Rows (across) in the periodic table are called Groups Periods Blocks Shells Which of these atoms is largest (in the neutral state – not an ion)? Hydrogen Sodium Chlorine Cesium Which of the following has the highest ionization energy? Sodium Aluminum Phosphorus Chlorine In the pairs below, circle the atom with the higher electronegativity Mg or P Manganese or Germanium Francium or Fluorine Sodium or Radium Molybdenum or Silver Ionization energy Is determined by the number of neutrons in an atom Is highest in group 1 Generally increase as you go from left to right within a period Generally increases as you go down a group Electronegativity Is generally lowest in group 1 Increases as you go down a group Decreases as you go from left to right within a period None of these Which group has the same dot structure? Lithium, Potassium and Radium Thallium, Boron and Germanium Astatine, Polonium and Selenium Lead, Carbon and Silicon Carbon dioxide has Double bonds between the carbon and oxygen atoms Four single bonds An ionic charge 25 protons CCl4 has which shape? Trigonal planar Square pyramidal Trigonal pyramidal Tetrahedral Which of these is an Isomer of C4H10 Use the space below to draw Lewis Dot Structures for the following six Elements: (NEATNESS COUNTS!!) Carbon, Thallium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Antimony, Chlorine Use the space below to draw the Lewis Dot Structure for the following three covalent compounds. Also, indicate the VSEPR shape of each compound. NCl3, CH4, OF2 Use the space below to draw Lewis Dot Structures for the following three covalent compounds Also, indicate the VSEPR shape of each compound BF3, PCL5, ClF3 (all of these violate the octet rule)
