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CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Military Role in Water Security Dr. Kent Hughes Butts Center for Strategic Leadership U.S. Army War College 717 245 3728 SLIDE 1 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership “Environmental Security is a process whereby solutions to environmental problems (water) contribute to national security objectives. SLIDE 2 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Stability and Security Risks to Allied security are less likely to result from calculated aggression . . . but rather from the adverse consequences of instabilities . . . faced by many countries. . . . security and stability have political, economic, social, and environmental elements. “The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept,” SLIDE 3 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Environmental Security Issues Resource conflict: Natural disasters: Droughts, floods, monsoons Public health/pollution problems Water resources, fisheries, energy, food Air, water, pandemics Global Climate Change SLIDE 4 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Environmental Security Roles Conflict Resolution & Prevention Confidence/ Communication Building Human Security & Governmental Legitimacy SLIDE 5 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Sustainable Development SLIDE 6 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Maintaining Legitimacy 5 Nationalism 4 Economic 3 Physical Security 2 Physiological: Food & Shelter 1 Environmental Sustainability SLIDE 7 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership SLIDE 8 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Global Map of Food Security http://maps.maplecroft.com/loadmap?template=min&issueID=210&close=y SLIDE 9 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Food Riots 2008 Pakistani women buy subsidized flour in Lahore. The price of staple foods and fuel rose drastically in the country http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/fotostrecke-30613-3.html In Manila, the capital of the Philippines, soldiers stand guard during the sale of government rice. SLIDE 10 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Water Use Agriculture 78% Open Water Evaporation 2% Environmental Flows 10% Industrial 4% Municipal 5% SLIDE 11 Water Security Challenges CSL Center for Strategic Leadership • Poor farming practices • Unregulated industrialization • Booming mega-city populations and • 50-90% of water lost in large cities through infrastructure leakage • Urban and rural poverty • Unequal income mirrors unequal water access • Poor waste management practices • Climate change SLIDE 12 Climate Change Impacts CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Disappearance of glaciers affect: Water supply Irrigation water Hydropower Precipitation changes Droughts/Floods Decreases in soil water Extreme weather events Source: IPCC, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report and Chapter 13: Latin America of the Fourth Assessment Report “Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability” Map Source: www.transglobalwater.com SLIDE 13 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Parallel Concepts Failed & Fragile States Water Combating Terrorism Security Sustainable Development Applications Transnational Threats Demographics SLIDE 14 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership MILITARY ROLES? SLIDE 15 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Preventive Defense-Phase Zero Promote trust, stability, and democratic reform, and so help to prevent the conditions for conflict and build the conditions for peace. Former Secretary of Defense Perry Shape – Prepare – Respond SLIDE 16 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership - Defense - Diplomacy - Development - Private Sector MARCH 2006 SLIDE 17 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Policy: “It is DoD policy that:” “Stability Operations……Shall be given priority comparable to Combat operations and be explicitly addressed and integrated across all DoD activities………….” DoDD 3000.05, November 28, 2005 SLIDE 18 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership “I have two missions: War Fighting and Engagement. If I do engagement right, I won’t have to do war fighting.” GEN Tony Zinni Then CENTCOM Commander SLIDE 19 Military Advantages CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Good Communications Presence on Frontiers and in Border Areas Health and Engineering Expertise Best Transportation Training and Education Prepares for Disasters SLIDE 20 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Multilateral Environmental Security Management EXTERNAL INTERNAL Civilian Government Non Governmental Organizations Multilateral Organizations Other Countries Donor Community Ministries Agriculture Military Resources and Environment Health Disaster Management SLIDE 21 Military Roles in Water Resiliency CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Assess Risk, Collect Data Monitor Change Disseminate Warnings Educate Local Populations (Villages) Mitigate: wells, infrastructure, reforestation Strategic Planning for Interagency Develop SOPs Local Leader Training Exercises Provide Decision Support Capabilities Disaster Management/Humanitarian Assistance SLIDE 22 Sulu — 2005-06 • Sulu vice Basilan • Sulu 50% larger population than Basilan • Different culture (guns and violence) • Less PSF combat power & capacity • Fewer US personnel present • Far less money in economy • Ineffective courts of law CSL Center for Strategic Leadership I/O Secure Environment INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINING Roads Piers and Ramps School Renovations Water Projects MEDCAPS 22.5 KM 3 18 15 30,000 patients EFFORTS Water Projects SLIDE 23 Military Environmental Stewardship in Philippines CSL Center for Strategic Leadership SLIDE 24 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Vision Defense cooperation between regional states on significant environmental security issues (Water) of common interest that, builds partner capacity, enhances governmental legitimacy, diminishes conditions extremists seek to exploit, and reduces regional instability. SLIDE 25 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership Questions? SLIDE 26 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership “Disaster Preparedness: Anticipating the Worst Case Scenario” South Asia Seismic Disaster Preparedness Conference February 22-24, 2005 Honolulu, Hawaii "India will come to any country in the region for a follow on conference." -- Brigadier James Mayandy Devadoss, Indian Army SLIDE 27 CSL Center for Strategic Leadership “When people lose hope, when societies break down, when countries fragment, the breeding grounds for terrorism are created.” The 9-11 Commission Report SLIDE 28 Persistent Conflict and Resources CSL Center for Strategic Leadership “Increased resource demand, in particular energy, water, and food, is a consequence of growing prosperity and populations. The growing global competition for resources will continue to produce friction and increase opportunities for conflict. In this environment, climate change and natural disasters will compound already difficult conditions in developing countries by igniting humanitarian crises, causing destabilizing population migrations, and raising the potential for epidemic diseases. .” 2010 Army Posture Statement, p 2 SLIDE 29