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CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Military Role in Water
Security
Dr. Kent Hughes Butts
Center for Strategic Leadership
U.S. Army War College
717 245 3728
SLIDE 1
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
“Environmental Security is a process whereby
solutions to environmental problems (water)
contribute to national security objectives.
SLIDE 2
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Stability and Security
Risks to Allied security are less likely to result
from calculated aggression . . . but rather
from the adverse consequences of
instabilities . . . faced by many countries. . . .
security and stability have political, economic,
social, and environmental elements.
“The Alliance’s New Strategic Concept,”
SLIDE 3
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Environmental Security
Issues
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Resource conflict:

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Natural disasters:
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Droughts, floods, monsoons
Public health/pollution problems

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Water resources, fisheries, energy, food
Air, water, pandemics
Global Climate Change
SLIDE 4
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Environmental Security
Roles
Conflict
Resolution &
Prevention
Confidence/
Communication
Building
Human Security
&
Governmental
Legitimacy
SLIDE 5
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Sustainable Development
SLIDE 6
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Maintaining Legitimacy
5
Nationalism
4
Economic
3
Physical Security
2
Physiological: Food & Shelter
1
Environmental Sustainability
SLIDE 7
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
SLIDE 8
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Global Map of Food Security
http://maps.maplecroft.com/loadmap?template=min&issueID=210&close=y
SLIDE 9
CSL
Center for
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Food Riots 2008
Pakistani women buy subsidized flour
in Lahore. The price of staple foods
and fuel rose drastically in the country
http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/fotostrecke-30613-3.html
In Manila, the capital of the Philippines,
soldiers stand guard during the sale of
government rice.
SLIDE 10
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Water Use
Agriculture 78%
Open Water Evaporation 2%
Environmental Flows 10%
Industrial 4%
Municipal 5%
SLIDE 11
Water Security Challenges
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
• Poor farming practices
• Unregulated industrialization
• Booming mega-city populations and
•
50-90% of water lost in large cities through
infrastructure leakage
• Urban and rural poverty
•
Unequal income mirrors unequal water access
• Poor waste management practices
• Climate change
SLIDE 12
Climate Change Impacts
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Disappearance of glaciers affect:
Water supply
Irrigation water
Hydropower
Precipitation changes
Droughts/Floods
Decreases in soil water
Extreme weather events
Source: IPCC, Climate Change 2007:
Synthesis Report and Chapter 13: Latin
America of the Fourth Assessment Report
“Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability”
Map Source: www.transglobalwater.com
SLIDE 13
CSL
Center for
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Parallel Concepts
Failed & Fragile States
Water
Combating Terrorism
Security
Sustainable Development
Applications
Transnational Threats
Demographics
SLIDE 14
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
MILITARY
ROLES?
SLIDE 15
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Preventive Defense-Phase Zero
Promote trust, stability, and democratic
reform, and so help to prevent the conditions
for conflict and build the conditions for
peace.
Former Secretary of Defense Perry
Shape – Prepare – Respond
SLIDE 16
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
- Defense
- Diplomacy
- Development
- Private Sector
MARCH 2006
SLIDE 17
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Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Policy: “It is DoD policy that:”
“Stability Operations……Shall be given priority
comparable to Combat operations and be explicitly
addressed and integrated across all DoD
activities………….”
DoDD 3000.05, November 28, 2005
SLIDE 18
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
“I have two missions: War Fighting and
Engagement. If I do engagement right, I
won’t have to do war fighting.”
GEN Tony Zinni
Then CENTCOM Commander
SLIDE 19
Military Advantages
CSL
Center for
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Leadership

Good Communications
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Presence on Frontiers and in Border Areas
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Health and Engineering Expertise
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Best Transportation
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Training and Education
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Prepares for Disasters
SLIDE 20
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Multilateral Environmental
Security Management
EXTERNAL
INTERNAL
Civilian Government
Non
Governmental
Organizations
Multilateral
Organizations
Other Countries
Donor Community
Ministries
Agriculture
Military
Resources and
Environment
Health
Disaster
Management
SLIDE 21
Military Roles in Water Resiliency
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Assess Risk, Collect Data
Monitor Change
Disseminate Warnings
Educate Local Populations (Villages)
Mitigate: wells, infrastructure, reforestation
Strategic Planning for Interagency
Develop SOPs
Local Leader Training Exercises
Provide Decision Support Capabilities
Disaster Management/Humanitarian Assistance
SLIDE 22
Sulu — 2005-06
• Sulu vice Basilan
• Sulu 50% larger population than Basilan
• Different culture (guns and violence)
• Less PSF combat power & capacity
• Fewer US personnel present
• Far less money in economy
• Ineffective courts of law
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
I/O
Secure
Environment
INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINING
Roads
Piers and Ramps
School Renovations
Water Projects
MEDCAPS
22.5 KM
3
18
15
30,000 patients
EFFORTS
Water Projects
SLIDE 23
Military Environmental
Stewardship in Philippines
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
SLIDE 24
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Vision
Defense cooperation between regional
states on significant environmental
security issues (Water) of common
interest that, builds partner capacity,
enhances governmental legitimacy,
diminishes conditions extremists seek
to exploit, and reduces regional
instability.
SLIDE 25
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
Questions?
SLIDE 26
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
“Disaster Preparedness: Anticipating the Worst Case Scenario”
South Asia Seismic Disaster Preparedness Conference
February 22-24, 2005 Honolulu, Hawaii
"India will come to any country in the region for a follow on
conference." -- Brigadier James Mayandy Devadoss, Indian
Army
SLIDE 27
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
“When people lose hope, when societies break down,
when countries fragment, the breeding grounds for
terrorism are created.”
The 9-11 Commission Report
SLIDE 28
Persistent Conflict and Resources
CSL
Center for
Strategic
Leadership
“Increased resource demand, in
particular energy, water, and
food, is a consequence of growing
prosperity and populations. The
growing global competition for
resources will continue to produce
friction and increase opportunities
for conflict. In this environment,
climate change and natural
disasters will compound already
difficult conditions in developing
countries by igniting humanitarian
crises, causing destabilizing
population migrations, and raising
the potential for epidemic
diseases. .”
2010 Army Posture Statement, p 2
SLIDE 29