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ANCIENT WORLD RELIGIONS HINDUISM, BUDDHISM, CONFUCIANISM, JUDAISM, DAOISM WARM-UP • What form of religion did Ancient Civilizations believe in? • List any religions that you can think of (bullet points) HINDUISM • Location: India • Polytheistic • Vedas • Collection of hymns and ceremonies passed down by priests • Brahma-main deity or supreme being • Vishnu-The Preserver • Shiva-The Destroyer HINDUISM • Principles • Yoga • Method of training to become “one” with Brahman and achieve unification with this God • Reincarnation • The individual soul is reborn in a different form after death to achieve union with Brahman • Karma • What people do in their current lives will determine what they are in their next lives • Every action has a reaction • Dharma • Divine Law-requires all people to do their duty; if you didn’t do your duty then it was considered bad Karma MAP OF ANCIENT INDIA BUDDHISM • Location: Originally in India; moved to China • Founder • Siddhartha Gautama-”Enlightened One” • After meditation he claimed that he had ‘awakened’ and seen the world in a new way • Principles • Nirvana-Ultimate reality; end of the self and the reunion with the “Great World Soul” BUDDHISM • Principles • Four Noble Truths • Ordinary life is full of suffering • This suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves • The way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals and to see others as extensions of ourselves • The way to end desire is to follow the Middle Path (Eight Fold Path) • Eight Fold Path • Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration • Meditation • Became the basic principle of Buddhism CONFUCIANISM • Location: China • Principles • Political and Ethical, not spiritual • Most significant idea: Government service should be open to all men, not just noble birth • Duty and Humanity (the Dao or “Way”) • Five Constant Relationships • Founded by Confucius • Upset by violence and moral decay of China • Analects • Record of his teachings and saying JUDAISM • Location: Israel • Monotheism-Belief in one supreme God • Yaweh • Yaweh or God created the Heavens and Earth • Moses and the Walk to Freedom • It was said that Moses freed the Jews from servitude in Egypt and set forth to Canaan and founded their homeland (40 yrs) • Principles • • • • Ethical and Spiritual-The search for Truth The Torah-first five books of the Bible Morality and Moral Law 13 main principles to live by JUDAISM • Ten Commandments (Old Testament) • Ten rules/covenants to live by • Creation of the Old Testament, earliest version of the Bible • Use the first five books of the Bible, called the Torah • Prophets • Claimed to be the speakers of God’s will on Earth-Moses was a prophet • Could not be integrated into another community if conquered • If conquered Israelites and Jews would not be able to adapt to a new religion because they were the only ones at that time to have a belief in one God MAP OF ANCIENT ISRAEL • http://video.pbs.org/video/1461557530/
