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Download Review Chapter 5 - Alta High School AP Art History
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Chapter 5: Ancient Greece Theme: “Man is the Measure of all things.” ... Protagoras The exaltation of humanity/rational man as the “measure of all things.” The being who has the intellectual power to create balance and order in the individual and in the society as a whole. *Balance... of mind and body--of the intellect and physical strength/beauty was of supreme importance to the Greeks. “... for we are lovers of the beautiful... we cultivate the mind without loss of manliness... We are the school of Greece.” ... Peracles Dates: 1200 BCE 800 BCE 700s BCE (1st Olympics 776 BCE) 600s BCE 500s BCE Trojan War Homer’s the Iliad and the Odyssey Geometric Orientalizing--Daedalic Archaic 400s BCE (480-404 BCE) Classical -- bounded by two wars Persian War ends 480 BCE Peloponnesian War ends 404 BCE 480-450 (1st half) Early Classical (Severe Style) 450-400 (2nd half) High Classical (Mature) 300s BCE (400-323) 323-30 BCE Late Classical Hellenistic (begins w/Alexander’s Death in 323) Vase types: a. hydria b. lekythos c. krater d. amphora e. kylix f. oenochoe Geometric krater Dipylon cemetery, Athens--740 BCE 3’ 41/2” high Style: Content: Purpose: Site: Orientalizing: 600s *monsters *flowers Archaic: Anavysos Kouros 530 BCE Content: Who is he? Site: Purpose/function: Archaic: Peplos Kore from the Acropolis in Athens 530 BCE marble 4’ high Content: Who is she? *attributes: Site: Purpose/function: *Painted features: Encaustic media in which the pigment is mixed in hot wax and then applied to marble Entablature Column Platform: Archaic: Exekias: Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game black-figure amphora 540-530 BCE Archaic Euthymides: Three revelers 510 BCE 2’ high In place of simple signature on the vase, Euthymides wrote: “Euthymides painted me--as never Euphronios could do!” Archaic.... to .... Early Classical: 480 BCE Kritios Boy vs Kouros Note as many differences as you can see... Early Classical/Severe Style: Riace Bronze Warrior 460-450 BCE 6’ 6” Early Classical/Severe Style Charioteer 470 BCE Bronze 5’ 11” Early Classical/Severe Style Zeus (or Poseidon) 460-450 BCE Bronze 6’ 10” high Early Classical/Severe Style Myron: Diskobolos (Discus Thrower) 450 BCE 5’ 1” high Roman marble copy of Bronze original *Roman desire for Greek statues gave rise to an industry to provide copies made in marble (less expensive than bronze) *Clues it is a Roman copy: --marble --(intrusive) tree trunk to support greater weight of stone --struts between arms/hands and body to strengthen weak points Ends Early and begins High Classical Polykleitos’ Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) 450-440 BCE 6’ 11” Roman marble copy after Bronze original The Canon (standard of perfection) *Polykleitos called his work The Canon as it embodied his vision of the ideal statue of a nude male athlete or warrior. The Doryphoros is the demonstration piece to accompany the treatise on the subject. It is the culmination of nearly two centuries of searching for the ideal proportions for the human figure. Kresilas: Pericles Roman Marble copy of a Bronze original 429 BCE *Herm: bust on pillar Delian League: (headquarters on Delos). In 454 BCE the Delian treasury was transferred to Athens (ostensibly for security reasons). Pericles would convert the alliance into an Athenian empire--angering Greeks and sewing the seeds for the future ‘civil war’ between the Athenians and the Spartans. Iktinos and Kallikrates: The Parthenon (Temple of Athena Parthenos) Acropolis Athens, Greece 447-438 BCE Phidias: Athena Parthenos 38’ tall gold & ivory--Chryselephantine (Cella of the Parthenon) 438 BCE *Her size dictated the width of the facade--8 columns across rather than the usual 6 Athene holds Nike (the winged female personification of victory) in her hand. shield exterior = Amazonomachy shield interior = Gigantomachy soles of sandals = Centauromachy The Nike and mythological battles are all metaphors for the triumph of... --order over chaos --civilization over barbarism --Athens over Persia Site? Content? Numbers? Content other 3 sides? Helios and his horses; Dionysos (Herakles?); Birth of Athene East Pediment--Parthenon 438-432 BCE greatest height 4’ 3” Phidian Style: MAMS M= A= M= S= The Panathenaic Festival Procession Frieze: Parthenon 447-438 BCE 3’ 6” high Propylaia *Caryatid Grave Stele of Hegeso Dipylon cemetery, Athens 400 BCE Marble 5’ 2” *Note year: The Pelopponesian War ended in 404 BCE. Though we are about to move into the Late Classical, this stele is still in style of the High Classical-Phidian: MAMS *Style *Content *Purpose/Site *Patron Late Classical Period: Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos Roman marble copy of an original 350-340 BCE 6’ 8” high *5th century: belief that rational human beings could impose order on their environment led to ‘perfect’ statues like the Canon. *4th Century a time of political upheaval... brings an end to High Classical idealism and serenity. Focus moves to the individual and the real world of appearances rather than the ideal. *Praxiteles: Humanizes the Olympian dieties *Praxitelian style... less solemn grandeur and greater sensuality. Note more pronounced S-curve and marble that imitates soft radiant flesh: *Style: Praxitelian *Site: Tholos... (why?) pool of water... *Content: Late Classical Period Praxiteles: Hermes and the infant Dionysos Copy of a statue by Praxiteles 330-270 BCE 7’ 1” high Style: Content: Pose: Late Classical Period Grave Stele of a young hunter 340-330 BCE Marble, 5’ 6” high *Skopas: sculptor whose works (none of which survive) known for intense emotionalism *This grave stele has the psychological tension for which Skopas was famous *Content: Late Classical Period Lysippos: Apoxyomenos (Scraper) Roman marble copy of bronze original 350 BCE 6’ 9” Lysippos: *new proportions *new energy *needs to be seen from all sides Late Classical Period Lysippos: Weary Herakles Roman marble copy of bronze 320 BCE 10’ 5” high *Content: Present in style and subject *Continued humanization of Gods and Heroes *Site/Location Artist? Period? Mosaic after painting by Philoxenos of Eretria or Helen of Egypt: Battle of Issus 310 BCE Tessera mosaic 8’ 10” x 16’9” *Tesserae--tiny stones/pieces of glass cut to a desired size and shape Archaic Archaic? -- Early Classical -- High Classical -- Late Classical -- Hellenistic Archaic Early Classical? Early Classical High Classical? High Classical Late Classical? Late Classical Hellenistic? Hellenistic VOCABULARY: Acropolis Vases: Krater, Amphora, Kylix, Lekythos, Hydria, Oenochoe Temple Vocab: Kouros Kore Encaustic Archaic Smile Cella Battles: Gigantomachy... Battle between _____ and _____ Centauromachy... Battle between _____ and _____ Amazonomachy... Battle between _____ and _____ Caryatids Tesserae Personification Cere Perdue Contrapposto ARTISTS/POLITICAL LEADERS/HISTORIANS: Exekias Euphronios Euthimides Myron Polykleitos Pericles Iktinos Kallikrates Phidias Praxiteles Scopas Lysippos Darius Alexander Vitruvius Think like a Greek.... Man (and Woman, of course) is a rational (intelligent) being... that’s you! Good luck!!
