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External Intercostal Origin Insertion • Inferior border of the ribs • Superior border of the ribs below Nerve • Intercostal nerve Action • Elevates Ribs Splenius Capitis Origin Insertion • Nuchal ligament • spinous process of C7 – T3 • Mastoid process • superior nuchal line Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Unilaterally – laterally bend to side of active muscles • Bilaterally – extend head and neck Erector Spinae Origin Insertion • Iliac crest • Sacrum • Supraspinous ligament Iliocostalis - angles of lower ribs and transverse process Longissimus - transverse process in thoracic and cervical regions , and to mastoid process Spinalis - spinous process thoracic region and to skull Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Unilaterally – laterally bend vertebral column to side of active muscles • Bilaterally – extend vertebral column and head Rhomboid Minor Origin Insertion • Nuchal ligament • spinous process of C7 and T1 vertebrae • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle Nerve • Dorsal scapular nerve Action • Retracts scapula Deltoid Origin Insertion • Clavicular- lateral third of clavicle • Acromial – Acromion • Spinal – Spine of scapula • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Nerve • Axillary nerve Action • Clavicular – flexes and medially rotates arm • Acromial – abducts arm • Spinal – extends & laterally rotates arms Serratus Anterior Origin Insertion • Ribs 1 - 9 • Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula Nerve • Long thoracic nerve C5-C7 Action • Protracts scapula Teres Major Origin Insertion • Inferior angle of the scapula • Lesser tubercle Nerve • Lower subscapular Action • Adduct and internally rotates humerus Trapezius Origin Insertion • • • • Superior nuchal line External occipital protuberance Nuchal ligament Spinous process of C7-T12 • Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula Nerve • Spinal accessory nerve Action • Elevates, retracts, rotates scapula Rhomboid Major Origin Insertion • Spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle Nerve • Dorsal scapular nerve Action • Retracts scapula Internal Intercostal Origin Insertion • Inferior border of the ribs • Superior border of the ribs below Nerve • Intercostal nerve Action • Depresses Ribs Serratus Posterior Superior Origin Insertion • Nuchal ligament • Spinous process C7-T3 • Ribs 2,3,4 Nerve • 2nd-5th Intercostal nerves Action • Elevates Ribs Quadratus lumborum Origin Insertion • 12th rib • lumbar transverse process • Iliolumbar ligament • iliac crest Nerve • Anterior rami of T12 & L1-L4 nerve Action • Extends and laterally flexes (bends) vertebral column • Hip hiker Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin Insertion • Spinous process T11-L2 • Ribs 8-12 Nerve • Anterior rami T9-T12 nerve Action • Depresses Ribs Infraspinatus Origin • Infraspinatus fossa of scapula Insertion • Greater tubercle of humerus Nerve • Suprascapular nerve Action • Laterally rotates arm Levator Scapulae Origin Insertion • Transverse process of C1-C4 • Superior angle Nerve • Dorsal scapular nerve Action • Elevates scapula Splenius Cervicis Origin • Nuchal ligament • spinous process of C7 – T3 Insertion • Transverse process of C1-C3 Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Unilaterally – laterally bend to side of active muscles • Bilaterally – extend head and neck Latissimus Dorsi Origin Insertion • • • • Spinous process of T7-T12 Thoracolumbar fascia Iliac crest 3 or 4 ribs • Bicipital groove Nerve • Thoracodorsal nerve C6 Action • Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus Semispinalis Origin • Thoracic and cervical transverse process Insertion • Run superomedially • Attach to occipital bone and spinous process in thoracic & cervical regions Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Unilaterally – rotate head and neck contralaterally • Bilaterally – extend head and thoracic cervical regions. Stabilizes vertebrae Multifidus Origin Insertion • Sacrum and ilium • Transverse process of T1-L5 • Articular process of C4-C7 • Run superomedially to spinous process Nerve • Posterior rami of intercostal nerves Action • Unilaterally – rotate head and neck contralaterally • Bilaterally – extend head and thoracic cervical regions. Stabilizes vertebrae Rotatores Origin • Transverse process of vertebrae Insertion • Run superomedially and attach to junction of lamina and transverse process Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotary movement
