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Chemistry Study Guide
Organic Functional Groups
2/11/2009
Functional
Group
Class of
Molecule
Formula
Example
Traditional name
Hydroxyl
−OH
alcohols
R OH
H3C CH2
OH
Shorthand Example
IUPAC name
OH
ethanol
ethyl alcohol
O
O
H
aldehydes
R
H
Carbonyl
−CO−
C
C
H
O
H
ethyl aldehyde
H
acetaldehyde
ketones
R
O
O
O
1
R
2
H3C
C
CH3
CH2
methyl-ethyl ketone
Carboxyl
−COOH
O
O
O
carboxylic acids
R
OH
H3C
C
OH
OH
ethanonic acid
acetic acid
H
Amino
−NH2
amines
H
R N
H
H
C
butan-2-one
H
H
N
H3C
N
H
H
H
methylamine
Oxygen bridge
−O−
ethers
H
H
1
R O
R
2
H
C
C
H
O
H H
H
C
C
H
diethyl ether
Copyright, 2009 © Alan D. Crosby, Newton South High School, Newton, MA 02459
H
H
O
1,1′ oxydiethane
Chemistry Study Guide
Functional
Group
−C(O)O−
(carbonyl adjacent
to an ether)
Organic Functional Groups
Class of
Molecule
Example
Traditional name
Formula
O
esters
R
H
1
O
R
amids or peptides
aromatic
H
propyl ethanonate
O
H
N
H
H
H
O
H
N
H
H
H
N-methylbutanamide
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
O
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
propyl acetate
R2
N
O
H
C
O
H
H
R1
Shorthand Example
IUPAC name
O
C
C
H
H
Phenyl
−C6H5
C
H
H
H
H
2
O
Amid
−C(O)NH−
2/11/2009
R
H
C
C
C
C
C
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
butylbenzene
H
H
HH
OH
Phosphate
−OPO32−
organic
phosphates
HO
P
R
O
O
H
O
O
C
P
O
O
H
C
O
O H
C
C
C
H
H
riboso-5-phosphate
O
O
H
H
O
HO
P
OH
O
O
OH
OH
H H
Sulfhydryl
−SH
thiols
R SH
H C C S
H H
SH
H
mercaptoethanol
Copyright, 2009 © Alan D. Crosby, Newton South High School, Newton, MA 02459
ethanethiol
OH
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