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World War II: U.S. Entry in the War On December 7, 1941, 353 Japanese planes attacked the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, resulting in 2,402 American deaths. Four days later, on December 11, 1942, Germany declared war on the United States and the U.S. declared war on Germany and Italy. The attack on Pearl Harbor led directly to the United States decision to enter World War II, in both the European and Pacific theaters. Up until that point, the United States had maintained a high level of domestic support for staying out of the war. When the U.S. did finally enter, the Allies were in great need of back-up. The United States military was a key player in the Allied victory in 1945. On the home front, the United States experienced economic and social changes—including women joining the workforce, the internment of Japanese Americans and African Americans enlisting—as a result of its participation in the war. The United States entering World War II served as a turning point in many ways, which can be researched in the collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Recommended Collections: Historical Society of Pennsylvania collection of World War II papers Collection#1479 Historical Society of Pennsylvania World War II propaganda collection Collection#3335 Historical Society of Pennsylvania war poster collection Collection#V95 Sumiko Kobayashi papers Collection#MSS073/PG230 and MSS073A *HSP has dozens more World War II-related collections that are open for research. Other Sources of Information: African American Museum of Philadelphia – 701 Arch St., Philadelphia – www.aampmuseum.org Fold3 – World War II collection – www.fold3.com National Women’s History Museum – Partners in Winning the War: American Women in World War II online exhibit – www.nwhm.org