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Human Body Systems Project
Purpose of the project is to understand in detail how the human body systems….
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work to maintain homeostasis (understand feedback control mechanisms involved in each body system).
work from the molecular level to cells to tissue to organ to organ system to organism level.
evolved from more primitive systems (very, very brief).
include structures that relate to function.
Requirements:
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Must be a well-prepared presentation.
Summary handout with blanks for peers to fill out and activities to check for understanding. You can use
diagrams to label.
You will need to present relevant information.
You will have time in class to work on your presentation and therefore, you will be graded on your hours worked
in class. I will be making notes of your activities. You are also expected to work outside of class to prepare an
excellent presentation.
A summary outline provided to me Monday of presentation week. This summary must include a works cited
portion (APA, MLA).
Must cover how structures and functions evolved from simpler animals to more complex animals – with a quick
overview of lower vertebrates and a major focus on humans.
A series of questions that you must peruse is found in the last section of this document – look for questions that
pertain to your project, and include them in your summary packet/activity set. Also, utilize your objectives and
sources online Mader.
Presentation Questions that need to be answered effectively by every group:
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Describe the evolutionary importance and a brief description of the development of this system.
Why is this body system necessary for maintaining homeostasis?
Describe and elaborate the structures and functions of the system.
Provide labeled diagrams of the major structures of the system.
Explain the interdependence of this system with other body systems.
Include major concepts for this system as elaborated in your text.
Describe at least 3 diseases or disorders of the system.
5 Groups (in order of presentation due date – presentations begin Monday):
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Chapter 31, 42
Chapter 32, 35
Chapter 33, 34, 39
Chapter 37, 38
Chapter 40, 41, 36
Scoring Rubric
SUMMARY OUTLINE: 25 points
Presented in an easy to follow format
Focuses on structure and function of components in assigned system(s)
Serves as a complete overview of the assigned system(s)
Accuracy of information
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Fits length requirements: 1 pg, 12 font, (max 2 pgs)
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PRESENTATION: 30 points (note: scores can be different for each individual)
Fits time requirement – 20 minutes for presentation 15 minute activity
Presented in an easy-to-follow format, interesting use of media and effective
Accuracy of information presented
Provides visuals to reinforce discussion
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OVERALL: 45 points
Integration of parts to holistic function of assigned system(s)
Preparation and Organization is evident
Evolution of system is discussed in an appropriate amount of detail
Why is this system necessary? Why is it controlled? How is it controlled? Feedback
mechanisms, cell signaling pathways, gene regulation……
Relating structure to function
Vary: discuss genetic disorders, current treatments, gene therapy, common causes for
abnormal levels of a hormone, homeostasis,…..
Awards for pure humor, genius and going above and beyond
Use at least 3 sources, in addition to text
Works cited page provided (APA, MLA)
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Study Questions
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What is a hormone?
What constitutes the endocrine system and what are its functions?
What are 3 major classes of molecules that function as hormones in vertebrates?
What type of molecules are intracellular receptors? Include the why and give an example in your answer.
How does the hypothalamus integrate information?
Differentiate between positive and negative feedback. Give an example of each.
Discuss glucose homeostasis (mention organs involved).
What is the pineal gland and why is it important?
List all endocrine glands. Be able to label on a diagram of the human body.
For the following list of hormones state: the gland from which it was secreted, the target cells, the function
a. ADH
h. T4 and T3
o. estrogen
b. Oxytocin
i. Calcitonin
p. progesterone
c. TSH
j. glucocorticoids (cortisol)
q. melatonin
d. ACTH
k. mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
r. PTH
e. FSH and LH
l. epinephrine
s. thymosin
f. Prolactin
m. norepinephrine
t. insulin
g. Growth
n. testosterone
u. glucagon
Distinguish between innate and adaptive immunity.
What cells are involved in innate immunity? What cells are involved in adaptive? What cells are involved in both
adaptive and innate immunity?
Where are the cells of the adaptive immune system found in humans?
Define antigen.
What is a macrophage? They are also referred to as “antigen-presenting cells” – what does this mean? Why are
they important in fighting infection?
How do B cells react to antigens?
Which immune cells kill infected cells.
18. What “humoral immunity” and what is its purpose?
19. How does antibody specific arise?
20. Outline the specific steps involved in antibody production in response to infection with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
21. A T cell is a type of white blood cell that has surface receptors that recognize antigens. Does an individual T cell
have the ability to recognize more than one type of antigen? Explain.
22. Explain the relationship between the antigen-presenting cells and helper T cells.
23. What results from the release of cytokines by helper T cells? What is the problem with helper T cells carrying out
this function in HIV infection?
24. What role do cytotoxic T cells play in fighting infection?
25. What 2 molecules on the surface of a cytotoxic T cell help the cell recognize infected cells?
26. Be able to label the following if given a diagram of a brain: brainstem, sulcus, gyrus, forebrain (cerebrum,
thalamus, and hypothalamus), cerebral cortex, midbrain, hindbrain (pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum),
central sulcus, lateral sulcus, lobes of cortex (frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe).
27. State the function of all terms listed in #34.
28. Be able to label the functional areas of the cortex: frontal association area, speech, motor cortex,
somatosensory cortex, , somatosensory association area, reading, hearing, smell, auditory association area,
visual association area, vision, Broca’s area, Wernicke’s
29. Compare and contrast the central and peripheral nervous systems.
30. Describe a reflex response –
31. Draw and label a neuron.
32. Why are glial cells important?
33. What are astrocytes?
34. What is the blood brain barrier and why is it important?
35. What is a myelin sheath, why is it important? How does it affect action potential?
36. What is meant by membrane potential, resting potential?
37. Discuss the 3 types of gated ion channels: stretch, ligand, voltage.
38. Define the following: hyperpolarization, depolarization, graded potentials, threshold, and action potential.
39. What happens at the synaptic cleft?
40. Contrast excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Contrast temporal and spatial summation.
41. What happens when indirect synaptic transmission takes place?
42. Discus the following neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, biogenic amines (epinephrine and norepinephrine,
dopamine, serotonin), GABA, endorphins, nitrous dioxide.
43. What is the difference between white matter and gray matter?
44. Define the following: CNS, PNS, somatic NS, autonomic NS.
45. Contrast the core functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system.
46. What parts of the brain responsible for thinking and memory?
47. What are the 3 brain regions during embryonic development?
48. What are the parts of the brainstem and what are its functions?
49. What is the reticular formation?
50. What are circadian rhythms?
51. What is the limbic system and what is its function?
52. What are the 3 systems that remove waste products from the body?
53. Describe the following types of joints and give an example of each: fixed, gliding, hinge, ball and socket
54. Distinguish between ligaments and tendons.
55. Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary muscles. And between smooth and striated. Give examples.
56. Describe the process of digestion beginning with the mouth.
57. Be able to identify/label the digestive organs of the human body.
58. Be able to label the human heart. Describe the flow of blood through the body and heart.
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Describe the main structures of the respiratory systems. Describe the flow of air in/air out.
Recognize the organs of the excretory system.
How is blood filtered through the kidneys?
Describe the formation of urine. What is its composition.
How are the alveoli in the lungs and villi in the small intestine are alike?
What are the functions of the following: teeth, oral cavity, tongue, epiglottis, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas?
Describe the duodenum? Jejunum? Ileum? Cecum? Appendix?
What enzymes are involved in digestion (there are many). What do they aid in digesting?
What types of tissue are found in the human body? Describe each.
What is the integumentary system? Function? Structures? How does it work with the circulatory system?
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system; state how each helps maintain homeostasis.
What happens to the respiratory system when too much CO2 is in the blood?
How are O2 and CO2 transported through the circulatory system?
How does the circulatory system help regulate body temperature?
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?