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AP Art History Chapter 22 Overview Dissatisfaction with church leads to Protestant Reformation Church responds with Counter Reformation: The Jesuits were a religious order who helped spread Christianity through education. Protestantism is a belief that your relationship with God is personal. Because of this turmoil, there were many papal art commissions. POPE Julius II was a major commissioner of art at this time. He thought that: VISUAL IMAGES ENFORCE BELIEF Artists became more established during 16th century: -matured the perspectival systems -accurate depiction of anatomy -visual art has a higher status in society DaVinci Trained by Verrocchio Botany, geology, geography, biology, military engineering, Believed eyes were most important organ Worked in Milan for some time b/c of drama in Florence Sfumato Helped drawing become an art form Chiaroscuro Atmospheric perspective Last Supper was the first true High Renaissance work Pope Julius II Strong patron of arts Interested in rebuilding classical Rome Know his commissions Commissions part of counter reformation efforts Raphael Images calm with reason and balance Works commissioned by Pope Julius Decorated papal library Learned from Perugino Preferred clarity over Davinci’s obscurity Unifying Christian devotion with pagan beauty Michelangelo Sculptor, painter, architect, poet, but considered himself sculptor Was a favorite artist of Pope Julius Work resembles Hellenistic Sistine Chapel Human form was beautiful, psychological Also an architect of St. Peter’s at Vatican City Venetian Art Titian!!!!! Know his works Art flourished in Venice, a powerful port city Light and color important to the artists of this school Concern for paint application, poetry of senses & pleasures of humanity Oil paint & symbolism (an influence of Flemish art from the north) Color helps define space in painting, helps bring objects to foreground/background (classic color theory) Tintoretto’s Last Supper vs. DaVinci (Tintoretto inspired by Titian but also adopted mannerism) Late Venetian art was dramatic and theatrical Mannerism Painting in the style (manner) of someone else (Michelangelo) Renaissance artists strove for balance while mannerists focused on instability Difficult to acknowledge specific dates of this period Staged imagery Elegance and beauty, not derived from nature or observation Preferred unbalance compositions & unusual complexities Ambiguous and unusual Distorted figures and exaggerations Women artists present, but not common Terms: Sfumato Atmospheric perspective Tempietto Chiaroscuro Scaffold Venetian Neoplatonism mannerism