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Human Body Systems
Biology
Facilitator: Mr. Lee
Room 320
Objectives
• Describe how the human body is
organized
• Explain homeostasis
Organization of the Body
– Every cell in the body is both an
independent unit and an
interdependent unit
– The levels of organization in a
multicellular organism includes:
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
Cells
• The cell is the basic unit of
structure and function in living
things
• Specialized cells perform a
particular function
Tissues
– A group of cells that perform a single
function
– There are four basic types of tissues in
a human body:
• Epithelial tissues- includes glands
and tissues that cover body surfaces
• Connective tissues- provides
support for the body and connects
its parts
• Nervous tissues- transmits nerve
impulses
• Muscle tissues- along with bones,
enables the body to move
Organs
• A group of different types of
tissues that work together to
perform a single function
• For example the eye has:
– Epithelial tissue
– Nervous tissue
– Muscle tissue
– Connective tissue
Organ Systems
• A group of organs that perform a
closely related function
• For example the brain is part of
the nervous system
• There are eleven organ systems in
the human body that help maintain
homeostasis
Inside human body
Nervous System
• Brain, spinal cord,
peripheral nerves
• Coordinates the body
Integumentary System
• Skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
• Provides protection and helps to
regulate the body’s temperature
Skeletal System
• Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons
• Supports and protects the body
• Stores mineral, blood cell formation
Muscular System
• Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle
• Voluntary movement, helps circulates
blood and digestion
Circulatory System
• Heart, blood vessels, blood
• Brings oxygen, nutrients, and
hormones to the cells
• Fights infection
• Removes cell waist
• Helps regulates body temperature
Respiratory System
• Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles, lungs
• Provides oxygen and removes CO2
from the body
Digestive System
• Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large intestine
• Breaks down and absorbs food,
eliminates wastes
Excretory System
• Skin, lungs, kidneys, ureters, urinary
bladder, urethra
• Eliminates waste products from the
body
Endocrine System
• Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas,
ovaries (females), testes (males)
• Controls growth, development
Reproductive System
• Testes, epididymis, vas deferens,
urethra, and penis (males); ovaries
(females)
• Provides reproductive cells
Lymphatic/Immune System
• White blood cells, thymus, spleen
lymph nodes, lymph vessels
• Helps protect the body from disease,
collects lost fluids and returns the
fluids to the circulatory system
Maintaining Homeostasis
• Homeostasis-maintaining internal
balance
• Homeostasis requires the integration
of all organ systems at the same time
• Feedback inhibition (negative
feedback)
– Process where a stimulus produces
a response that opposes the original
stimulus
– If our body temperature gets too
low, part of the brain signals the
body to produce more heat
Review
• Describe how the human body is
organized
– The levels of organization in the
human body :
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
• Explain homeostasis
– Homeostasis is the process how
the body keeps internal conditions
relatively consistent