Download Plate Tectonics Study Guide Answers 1. lithosphere

Plate Tectonics Study Guide Answers
1. lithosphere- brittle and rigid, crust, top layer, thin
asthenosphere- plastic and flowing, mantle, thick, underneath lithosphere
2. oceanic- thinner, more dense
continental- thicker, less dense
3. faulting- tension forces cause cracks in crust (pulling apart)
folding- compression causes rocks to fold (squeezing)
4. along plate boundaries (faults)
5. inner core- solid iron
outer core- liquid
mantle- plastic and flowing
crust- solid and rocky outer layer
6. divergent boundary in the ocean, mid-Atlantic ridge, oldest rocks are farther away
from the ridge, young rocks are near the ridge
7. hot rock rises to top, cools, and sinks.
8. similar fossils on different continents, continents fit together like a puzzle, South
America and Africa are moving farther apart
9. focus is below ground, epicenter is above ground
10. collapsed buildings and bridges, tsunamis, fires, sandblows, liquefaction
11. Convergent- plates come together
oceanic-continental- subduction occurs- causes volcanoes on the edge of both
plates, Andes Mountains
continental-continental- plates crumble to form mountains, Himalayas
oceanic-oceanic- plates sink, form trench and island arcs, Japan and Philippines
Divergent- plates spread apart
continental- forms a rift valley and volcanoes, East African Rift
oceanic- seafloor spreading, forms a mid-ocean ridge, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Transform- plates slide past each other, causes earthquakes, San Andreas Fault
12. a large supercontinent that existed 200 million years ago
13. Subduction occurs when one plate sinks underneath another. It occurs when an
oceanic plate converges with a continental plate.
14. mid-ocean ridge- mid-Atlantic ridge
subduction zone- Andes Mountains, Cascade Mountains (Washington state)
hot spot- Hawaii
continental-continental convergent- Himalayas (Mt. Everest)
continental divergent boundary- East African Rift
transform boundary- San Andreas Fault
15. (Primary)p-waves: travels in solid & liquid, fastest & 1st to arrive, stretch &
compress as they move up & down in the earth, travel faster in solids than in liquids
(Secondary)s-waves: travel only in solids, 2nd to arrive to arrive, move side to side as
they travel up & down in the earth
Surface waves: travel only in the crust, cause the most damage, slowest, last to arrive,
move up & down on the surface of earth
Old Material to review
 Balancing equations
 Global warming
 Speed graph
 Punnett squares
 3 laws of motion