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Basically IPAC: Infection Control Principles Pat Piaskowski RN HBScN CIC NWOICN Coordinator Acknowledgement Many thanks to Isabelle Langman at Public Health Ontario for sharing these slides. 2 The Chain of Transmission Infectious Agent Any organism capable of causing disease • Virus • Bacteria • Parasite • Fungus Photo Credit: MircoSoft Clipart Reservoir Place where infectious agent can survive • People (cases and carriers) • Food • Environment (water, surfaces, objects) • Animals Portal of Exit • How the infectious agent leaves the reservoir • Human portals of exit include: • Respiratory system-coughing • Gastrointestinal tract • Open areas on skin • Mucous membranes – eyes, nose, mouth • Blood Photo Credit: MircoSoft Clipart Mode of Transmission Direct Contact Indirect Contact Droplet <2 metres Airborne >2 metres Portal of Entry How the infectious agent enters the new host • Respiratory system • Gastrointestinal tract • Open areas on skin • Mucous membranes – eyes, nose, mouth • Blood Sound familiar? Susceptible Host • Person lacking effective resistance • Host characteristics that influence susceptibility: • Age • Disease history, underlying illness • Lifestyle • Heredity Photo Credit: ©Istockphoto.com/Cliff Parnell Routine Practices Used ALL the time – by each health care provider, for each client and each procedure Reduce the risk of many infections and include: • Risk Assessment • Hand Hygiene • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Environmental Cleaning Risk Assessment Think about: • The resident • Characteristics of the resident • The activity to be performed • Available infection control resources • Your immune status Photo Credit: ©Istockphoto.com/sj;ocle Hand Hygiene Photo Credit: MicroSoft Clipart; ©Istockphoto.com/David H. Lewis; ‘Paul Velgos; Alija Your 4 Moments for Hand Hygiene What is PPE? • Personal Protective Equipment • Barrier equipment used to prevent the transmission of infectious agents • Protects your portals of exit and entry! • NEVER use indiscriminately • Used just prior to the task • Remove promptly when task is complete 14 Gloves • Protect hands from soiling • Not a substitute for hand hygiene • Gloves are worn for: • Contact with body fluids or mucous membranes • Handling soiled items • Single use • Hand hygiene after removing Photo Credit: MicroSoft Clipart Proper Use of Gloves • Keep gloved hands away from face • Avoid touching or adjusting other PPE • Remove gloves if they become torn • Perform hand hygiene before donning new gloves • Limit surfaces and items touched Photo Credit: MicroSoft Clipart 16 Gowns • Used to protect clothing from soiling • Worn appropriately for contact where soiling of clothing is anticipated • Tie ALL ties at the back • Single use: throw away or send to laundry • Hand hygiene after removing Masks & Eye Protection • Protect mucous membranes • Anytime splashing or spraying is anticipated • Masks are single use • Reusable eye protection must be cleaned and disinfected between uses • Hand hygiene after removing Photo Credit: ©Istockphoto.com/Annette Sharr; RICN Stock Photo; ©Istockphoto.com/Daniel Kourey Proper Use of Masks and Eye Protection • Use appropriate to the activity/circumstance • Mask should securely cover nose and mouth • Change mask if it becomes wet • Do NOT touch mask while wearing it • Do NOT wear mask around your neck! • Do NOT reuse or put in pocket for later use • Prescription eye glasses are NOT eye protection 19 Proper Sequence for PPE Putting ON • Gown first • Mask or respirator • Goggles or face shield • Gloves Taking OFF • Gloves • Gown • Hand hygiene • Goggles or face shield • Mask or respirator • Hand Hygiene 20 Environmental Cleaning Cleaning: • Removes all foreign material from objects, using water and detergent/soap and washing or scrubbing the object • Must be done first or disinfection will not work Disinfection: • The inactivation of disease-causing microorganisms • Does not destroy bacterial spores 21 Environmental Cleaning • Horizontal surfaces and high touch objects need special attention • Start with least contaminated areas and move to more highly contaminated areas • “Elbow-grease” is necessary to create friction • Ensure proper chemical, concentration, contact time • Use clean equipment Photo Credit: Microsoft Clipart Environmental Cleaning Resources PIDAC Best Practices: http://www.oahpp.ca/resources/pidac-knowledge/index.html Environmental Cleaning Toolkit see your local RICN 23 Take care of yourself! • Stay home if you’re sick • Keep your vaccinations up to date! • Practice good respiratory etiquette • Clean your hands often and according to 4 moments • Use PPE appropriately Photo Credit: Microsoft Clipart 24 QUESTIONS?
